Primed to Understand Fibrinogen in Cardiovascular Disease.

Primed to Understand Fibrinogen in Cardiovascular Disease.
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准备了解心血管疾病中的纤维蛋白原。

DOI:
10.1161/atvbaha.115.306754
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wolberg,AlisaS
Wolberg,AlisaS
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wolberg,AlisaS

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如果γA/γ′纤维蛋白原不影响CVD结局,为什么CVD患者的γA/γ ′纤维蛋白原水平升高?CVD是一种与纤维蛋白原水平升高相关的促炎病理学,促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-6优先上调肝细胞γA/γ′纤维蛋白原而不是γA/γA纤维蛋白原的产生。[30]因此,在某些情况下,γA/γ′纤维蛋白原可能增加以下调炎症诱导的促血栓形成活性。值得注意的是,γA/γ′纤维蛋白原水平和γ′-总纤维蛋白原比值降低与静脉血栓栓塞31和血栓性微血管病(也与血管炎症相关的病理学)风险增加相关。这些发现与动物研究的观察结果一致。25,29因此,与CVD相关的γA/γ′水平升高可能只是反映了其与静脉疾病的共同原因,在静脉疾病中,该分子具有保护性抗血栓作用。为此,令人好奇的是,γ′纤维蛋白原升高似乎与所研究的不同CVD结局存在差异性相关,并且即使在校正CVD风险因素、纤维蛋白原和C反应蛋白后,仍与广泛类别的CVD死亡显著相关。更好地了解与这些病理相关的共同和独特的病理生理机制可能会揭示这个问题。
If γA/γ′ fibrinogen does not influence CVD outcomes, why are its levels increased in patients with CVD? CVD is a proinflammatory pathology associated with elevated levels of fibrinogen, and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 preferentially upregulates hepatocyte production of γA/γ′ fibrinogen versus γA/γA fibrinogen. 30 Accordingly, γA/γ′ fibrinogen may be increased to downregulate inflammationinduced prothrombotic activity in certain situations. Notably, reduced γA/γ′ fibrinogen levels and γ′-to-total fibrinogen ratio are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism31 and thrombotic microangiopathy, 32 related pathologies that are also associated with vascular inflammation. These findings are consistent with observations from the animal studies. 25, 29 Thus, increased γA/γ′ levels associated with CVD may simply reflect its common cause with venous disease, in which this molecule has a protective, antithrombotic role. To this end, it is curious that elevated γ′ fibrinogen seems differentially associated with the different CVD outcomes studied and remains significantly associated with the broad category of CVD deaths, even after adjustment for CVD risk factors, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein. A greater understanding of the common and unique pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with these pathologies may shed light on this issue.
12-O-十四烷酰佛波醇-13-乙酸酯和 mezerein 诱导深色角质形成细胞作为肿瘤促进效率的指标。
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