Lessons from Toxoplasma: Host responses that mediate parasite control and the microbial effectors that subvert them.
Lessons from Toxoplasma: Host responses that mediate parasite control and the microbial effectors that subvert them.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.20201314
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hunter CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frickel EM;Hunter CA
弓形虫是一种临床上相关的生物，它教授与宿主-病原体相互作用广泛相关的课程。这篇综述强调了这种微生物是如何被检测到的，以及细胞因子干扰素-γ是如何促进空泡病原体的控制的。这篇文章还评估了弓形虫用来逃避抗菌素反应和形成潜伏期的各种策略。长期以来，细胞内寄生虫弓形虫一直为研究免疫系统如何处理细胞内感染提供了一个易于处理的实验系统。这篇综述重点介绍了在定义这种微生物最初是如何被检测到的方面的进展，以及对弓形虫的研究，这些研究有助于我们理解细胞因子干扰素-γ如何促进空泡病原体的控制。此外，这种真核生物的遗传易操纵性为研究病原体用来逃避抗菌素反应的各种策略提供了基础，现在为研究潜伏期的基础提供了机会。因此，弓形虫仍然是一种临床相关的生物，其与宿主免疫系统的不断演变的相互作用继续传授与宿主-病原体相互作用广泛相关的经验教训。
Toxoplasma gondii is a clinically relevant organism that teaches lessons broadly relevant to host–pathogen interactions. This review highlights how this organism is detected and how the cytokine IFN-γ promotes control of vacuolar pathogens. This article also evaluates the diverse strategies used by T. gondii to evade antimicrobial responses and develop latency. The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii has long provided a tractable experimental system to investigate how the immune system deals with intracellular infections. This review highlights the advances in defining how this organism was first detected and the studies with T. gondii that contribute to our understanding of how the cytokine IFN-γ promotes control of vacuolar pathogens. In addition, the genetic tractability of this eukaryote organism has provided the foundation for studies into the diverse strategies that pathogens use to evade antimicrobial responses and now provides the opportunity to study the basis for latency. Thus, T. gondii remains a clinically relevant organism whose evolving interactions with the host immune system continue to teach lessons broadly relevant to host–pathogen interactions.
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