Spatial and temporal expression of the 23 murine Prolactin/Placental Lactogen-related genes is not associated with their position in the locus.
Spatial and temporal expression of the 23 murine Prolactin/Placental Lactogen-related genes is not associated with their position in the locus.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-9-352
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发表时间：
2008-07-28
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Cross, James C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simmons, David G.;Rawn, Saara;Davies, Alastair;Hughes, Martha;Cross, James C.
催乳素 (PRL) 激素基因家族在胎盘哺乳动物中表现出相当大的差异。人类只有一个 PRL 基因由垂体表达，而小鼠体内还有另外 22 个基因，包括胎盘催乳素 (PL) 和催乳素相关蛋白 (PLP)，其表达仅限于胎盘。为了了解这些基因的调控和潜在功能，我们在胚胎第 7.5 天和 E18.5 之间的三个基因株的胎盘中进行了详细的时间和空间表达研究。在检查的 22 个 PRL/PL 基因中，仅观察到小鼠品系之间存在微小差异。当检查时间和空间数据时，我们发现没有一个家庭成员具有与另一个家庭成员相同的表达模式。 PRL/PL 基因座中最密切相关的基因之间或相邻基因之间的表达也没有相关性。对上游调控区的生物信息分析确定了同一滋养层亚型中表达的基因共享的推定转录因子结合位点的保守组合（模块），支持了局部调控元件而不是基因座控制区指定亚型特异性表达的观点。还检测到表达的进一步多样化作为几个基因的剪接变体。在本研究中，为三种遗传品系中妊娠期 E7.5 至 E18.5 的所有鼠 PRL/PL 家族成员生成了详细的时空胎盘表达图。这项详细的分析发现了一些滋养层细胞类型的几种新标记，这些标记将有助于将来分析具有胎盘表型的突变小鼠的胎盘结构。更重要的是，关于基因座调控的几个主要结论是显而易见的。首先，当检查时间和空间数据时，没有两个家族成员具有相同的表达模式。其次，大多数基因在多种滋养层细胞亚型中表达，但在滋养层干细胞所在的绒毛膜或迷路层的合体滋养层中没有检测到基因。第三，上游调控区的生物信息学比较确定了由相同滋养层亚型中表达的基因共享的预测转录因子结合位点模块。第四，通过几个基因的替代剪接亚型，PRL/PL 基因座的基因产物进一步多样化。
The Prolactin (PRL) hormone gene family shows considerable variation among placental mammals. Whereas there is a single PRL gene in humans that is expressed by the pituitary, there are an additional 22 genes in mice including the placental lactogens (PL) and Prolactin-related proteins (PLPs) whose expression is limited to the placenta. To understand the regulation and potential functions of these genes, we conducted a detailed temporal and spatial expression study in the placenta between embryonic days 7.5 and E18.5 in three genetic strains. Of the 22 PRL/PL genes examined, only minor differences were observed among strains of mice. We found that not one family member has the same expression pattern as another when both temporal and spatial data were examined. There was also no correlation in expression between genes that were most closely related or between adjacent genes in the PRL/PL locus. Bioinformatic analysis of upstream regulatory regions identified conserved combinations (modules) of putative transcription factor binding sites shared by genes expressed in the same trophoblast subtype, supporting the notion that local regulatory elements, rather than locus control regions, specify subtype-specific expression. Further diversification in expression was also detected as splice variants for several genes. In the present study, a detailed temporal and spatial placental expression map was generated for all murine PRL/PL family members from E7.5 to E18.5 of gestation in three genetic strains. This detailed analysis uncovered several new markers for some trophoblast cell types that will be useful for future analysis of placental structure in mutant mice with placental phenotypes. More importantly, several main conclusions about regulation of the locus are apparent. First, no two family members have the same expression pattern when both temporal and spatial data are examined. Second, most genes are expressed in multiple trophoblast cell subtypes though none were detected in the chorion, where trophoblast stem cells reside, or in syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinth layer. Third, bioinformatic comparisons of upstream regulatory regions identified predicted transcription factor binding site modules that are shared by genes expressed in the same trophoblast subtype. Fourth, further diversification of gene products from the PRL/PL locus occurs through alternative splice isoforms for several genes.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Alam, S. M. Khorshed;Konno, Toshihiro;Soares, Michael J.
通讯作者：
Soares, Michael J.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Ain, R;Canham, LN;Soares, MJ
通讯作者：
Soares, MJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bhattacharyya, S;Lin, JD;Linzer, DIH
通讯作者：
Linzer, DIH
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
CARNEY, EW;PRIDEAUX, V;ROSSANT, J
通讯作者：
ROSSANT, J
DOI：
10.1055/s-0029-1211288
发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
FORSYTH, IA
通讯作者：
FORSYTH, IA