Systemic and renal oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension: modulation of long-term control of arterial blood pressure by resveratrol.
Systemic and renal oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension: modulation of long-term control of arterial blood pressure by resveratrol.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2014.00292
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Dyck JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamza SM;Dyck JR
高血压影响全球25%以上的人口，并与影响许多器官系统的严重且往往致命的并发症有关。尽管在高血压的临床评估和治疗方面取得了很大的进步，但90%以上的高血压患者的病因不明，这阻碍了更有针对性和更有效治疗的发展。高血压的病因涉及多种病理过程和器官系统，但所有这些促成因素的一个统一特征是氧化应激。一旦身体的天然抗氧化防御机制被淹没，活性氧（ROS）开始在组织中积累。活性氧在许多生理过程的正常调节中发挥重要作用，但过量的活性氧是有害的，会导致广泛的细胞和组织损伤以及许多生理过程的紊乱。因此，控制氧化应激已成为药物治疗预防和控制高血压的一个有吸引力的目标。白藜芦醇（反式-3,5,4 ' -三羟基苯乙烯）是一种天然存在的多酚，在体内具有抗氧化作用。许多研究表明，白藜芦醇在不同的高血压临床前模型中具有抗高血压作用，其机制包括其抗氧化剂的功能。然而，结果好坏参半，在某些情况下，白藜芦醇对血压没有影响。这可能是由于过度强调白藜芦醇的外周血管扩张作用，而几乎没有对其潜在的肾脏作用进行调查。这在高血压领域尤其令人不安，众所周知，肾脏在动脉压的长期调节中起着至关重要的作用，在慢性高血压的发生、发展和维持中起着至关重要的作用。因此，本综述的重点是讨论白藜芦醇在动脉血压长期调节的基本生理原理框架内通过改善氧化应激作为抗高血压治疗的潜力。
Hypertension affects over 25% of the global population and is associated with grave and often fatal complications that affect many organ systems. Although great advancements have been made in the clinical assessment and treatment of hypertension, the cause of hypertension in over 90% of these patients is unknown, which hampers the development of targeted and more effective treatment. The etiology of hypertension involves multiple pathological processes and organ systems, however one unifying feature of all of these contributing factors is oxidative stress. Once the body's natural anti-oxidant defense mechanisms are overwhelmed, reactive oxygen species (ROS) begin to accumulate in the tissues. ROS play important roles in normal regulation of many physiological processes, however in excess they are detrimental and cause widespread cell and tissue damage as well as derangements in many physiological processes. Thus, control of oxidative stress has become an attractive target for pharmacotherapy to prevent and manage hypertension. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-Trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol which has anti-oxidant effects in vivo. Many studies have shown anti-hypertensive effects of resveratrol in different pre-clinical models of hypertension, via a multitude of mechanisms that include its function as an anti-oxidant. However, results have been mixed and in some cases resveratrol has no effect on blood pressure. This may be due to the heavy emphasis on peripheral vasodilator effects of resveratrol and virtually no investigation of its potential renal effects. This is particularly troubling in the arena of hypertension, where it is well known and accepted that the kidney plays an essential role in the long term regulation of arterial pressure and a vital role in the initiation, development and maintenance of chronic hypertension. It is thus the focus of this review to discuss the potential of resveratrol as an anti-hypertensive treatment via amelioration of oxidative stress within the framework of the fundamental physiological principles of long term regulation of arterial blood pressure.
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