Processes and mechanisms of vegetation ecosystem responding to climate and ecological restoration in China.
Processes and mechanisms of vegetation ecosystem responding to climate and ecological restoration in China.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2022.1062691
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
植被是地球表面系统的重要组成部分，其动态是全球气候变化的一个明确指标。然而，植被变化趋势的研究大多是基于时不变的方法，不能准确地检测植被变化的长期非线性特征。利用集合经验模态分解（Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition，EMD）和Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend算法，对1982-2018年中国归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据进行重构，诊断中国植被长期趋势的时空演变和突变。利用残差分析方法分离气候和人类活动对植被指数变化的影响，得到特定的人类活动驱动因子对植被生长的影响。结果表明，基于时间变化的分析，高植被布朗宁被掩盖的整体植被绿化。20世纪90年代和2000年代，中国植被生长发生突变，分别占全国的50%和33.6%。转折点前45.4%的区域呈现植被减少趋势，主要集中在中国东部地区;转折点后43%的区域也呈现植被退化趋势，主要集中在中国西北地区。气候是中国植被变化的重要驱动力。它在华南地区起到了积极的作用，而在西北地区则起到了消极的作用。人类活动对植被生长的影响由最初的负向影响转变为正向影响。在人类活动方面，CO2排放与植被生长呈倒U型关系，即CO2的施肥效应存在一定的阈值。一旦超过这个阈值，就会阻碍植被生长。人口密度对植被生长有轻微的限制，生态恢复项目的实施（如，退耕还林（绿色工程）在一定程度上促进了植被的生长。
Vegetation is an essential component of the earth’s surface system and its dynamics is a clear indicator of global climate change. However, the vegetation trends of most studies were based on time-unvarying methods, cannot accurately detect the long-term nonlinear characteristics of vegetation changes. Here, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition and the Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend algorithm were applied to reconstruct the the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and diagnose spatiotemporal evolution and abrupt changes of long-term vegetation trends in China during 1982–2018. Residual analysis was used to separate the influence of climate and human activities on NDVI variations, and the effect of specific human drivers on vegetation growth was obtained. The results suggest that based on the time-varying analysis, high vegetation browning was masked by overall vegetation greening. Vegetation growth in China experienced an abrupt change in the 1990s and 2000s, accounting for 50% and 33.6% of the whole China respectively. Of the area before the breakpoint, 45.4% showed a trend of vegetation decrease, which was concentrated mainly in east China, while 43% of the area after the breakpoint also showed vegetation degradation, mainly in northwest China. Climate was an important driving force for vegetation change in China. It played a positive role in south China, but had a negative effect in northwest China. The impact of human activities on vegetation growthchanged from an initial negative influence to a positive one. In terms of human activities, an inverted-U-shaped relation was detected between CO2 emissions and vegetation growth; that is, the fertilization effect of CO2 had a certain threshold. Once that threshold was exceeded, it would hinder vegetation growth. Population density had a slight constraint on vegetation growth, and the implementation of ecological restoration projects (e.g., the Grain for Green Program) can promote vegetation growth to a certain extent.
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