Dynamic terminal investment in male burying beetles
Dynamic terminal investment in male burying beetles
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雄性埋甲虫的动态终端投资
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.02.015
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sakaluk, Scott K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farchmin, Paige A.;Eggert, Anne-Katrin;Duffield, Kristin R.;Sakaluk, Scott K.
动态终端投资阈值模型假定，个人为应对直接生存威胁（如感染）而进行终端投资的倾向取决于改变个人剩余生殖价值的其他因素。在这里，我们探讨了潜在的动态终端投资埋葬甲虫，昆虫间小脊椎动物尸体作为唯一的食物来源，为他们的后代，并表现出广泛的双亲照顾。我们给两个不同年龄的雄性注射了热灭活细菌，并测量了它们的生殖输出，预测与对照组相比，免疫挑战的雄性将表现出更长的父母照顾期，消耗更少的尸体，并在当前的生殖尝试中产生更多的幼虫。我们进一步预测，终端投资将在老年男性比年轻的更明显。男性挑战与热杀死细菌处女之前，他们的第一次生殖尝试没有表现出任何证据的终端投资，而这些相同的人在以后的年龄作为生殖经验丰富的育种者在随后的生殖尝试挑战时，表现出增加生殖输出。年龄较大的，免疫挑战的个人在尸体上的时间比对照组男性获得较少的质量，这表明这种终端投资得到了补贴，至少部分，男性避免吃尽可能多的尸体，因为他们可能在没有免疫挑战的情况下，留下更多的腐肉给他们的后代消费，以牺牲自己的维护和未来的繁殖。由于个体的剩余生殖价值似乎可能随着年龄和生殖经验的增加而降低，因此本研究中免疫挑战男性所显示的特定背景的终端投资与理论一致。
The dynamic terminal investment threshold model posits that the propensity of an individual to terminally invest in response to an immediate survival threat, such as an infection, depends on other factors that alter an individual's residual reproductive value. Here, we explore the potential for dynamic terminal investment in burying beetles, insects that inter small vertebrate carcasses as the sole source of food for their offspring and that exhibit extensive biparental care. We injected males at two different ages with heat-killed bacteria and measured their reproductive output, predicting that immune-challenged males would show a longer period of parental care, consume less of the carcass and produce a greater number of larvae in the current reproductive attempt compared with control males. We further predicted that terminal investment would be more evident in older males than in younger ones. Males challenged with heat-killed bacteria as virgins prior to their first reproductive attempt showed no evidence of terminal investment, whereas these same individuals when challenged at a later age as reproductively experienced breeders in a subsequent reproductive attempt showed increased reproductive output. Older, immune-challenged individuals gained less mass during the time on the carcass than control males, suggesting that this terminal investment was subsidized, at least in part, by males refraining from eating as much of the carcass as they might have otherwise done in the absence of an immune challenge, leaving more carrion for their offspring to consume at the expense of their own maintenance and future reproduction. Because it seems likely than an individual's residual reproductive value decreases with both increasing age and reproductive experience, the context-specific terminal investment shown by immune-challenged males in the current study aligns with theory.
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