Sex bias in mortality risk changes over the lifespan of bottlenose dolphins

Sex bias in mortality risk changes over the lifespan of bottlenose dolphins
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宽吻海豚一生中死亡风险变化的性别偏见

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2023.0675
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mann, Janet
Mann, Janet
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
McEntee, Molly H.;Foroughirad, Vivienne;Krzyszczyk, Ewa;Mann, Janet

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关于哺乳动物寿命中的性别偏见的研究通常假设,雄性对竞争的投资会导致雌性在一生中保持不变的生存优势。我们使用1003只野生宽吻海豚(Tursiopaduncus)35年的纵向数据来检查特定年龄的死亡率,展示了在一种群居哺乳动物的50年寿命中,性别对死亡风险的时变影响。在青少年时期,男性的死亡风险高于女性,但男性和女性之间的死亡风险差距在十几岁左右缩小,这与女性生殖的开始是一致的。成年后女性的死亡风险并不显著高于男性,导致男性在年龄最大的年龄段中存在中度偏见。宽吻海豚有一个激烈的雄性竞争交配系统,幼年雄性海豚的死亡与社会竞争有关。然而,与性选择理论的预测相反,男性与男性之间的竞争不会导致持续的男性偏见死亡。由于雌性海豚除了经历漫长而昂贵的妊娠期和哺乳期外,还经历着高昂的性胁迫成本,这表明雌性海豚在繁殖方面的大量投资可能会增加雌性海豚的死亡风险,并影响寿命中的性别偏见。
Research on sex biases in longevity in mammals often assumes that male investment in competition results in a female survival advantage that is constant throughout life. We use 35 years of longitudinal data on 1003 wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) to examine age-specific mortality, demonstrating a time-varying effect of sex on mortality hazard over the five-decade lifespan of a social mammal. Males are at higher risk of mortality than females during the juvenile period, but the gap between male and female mortality hazard closes in the mid-teens, coincident with the onset of female reproduction. Female mortality hazard is non-significantly higher than male mortality hazard in adulthood, resulting in a moderate male bias in the oldest age class. Bottlenose dolphins have an intensely male-competitive mating system, and juvenile male mortality has been linked to social competition. Contrary to predictions from sexual selection theory, however, male–male competition does not result in sustained male-biased mortality. As female dolphins experience high costs of sexual coercion in addition to long and energetically expensive periods of gestation and lactation, this suggests that substantial female investment in reproduction can elevate female mortality risk and impact sex biases in lifespan.
圈养、繁殖的宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)的体重和食物摄入量
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