Chinese Wall or Swiss Cheese? Keyword filtering in the Great Firewall of China

Chinese Wall or Swiss Cheese? Keyword filtering in the Great Firewall of China
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中国墙还是瑞士奶酪?

DOI:
10.1145/3442381.3450076
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Christin, Nicolas
Christin, Nicolas
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rambert, Raymond;Weinberg, Zachary;Barradas, Diogo;Christin, Nicolas

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中国防火长城(GFW)阻止中国公民访问中国政府认为令人反感的在线内容。一种方法是在未加密的数据包流中搜索禁止的关键字。当它检测到它们时,它终止违规流注入TCP TCP TCP包,并阻止相同的两个主机之间的进一步流量为几分钟。我们报告的GFW的应用层的HTTP的理解的详细调查。禁止的关键字仅在HTTP请求中的某些位置检测到。包含英文单词“search”的请求被检查的禁止关键字列表比没有这个单词的请求要长。可以通过弯曲HTTP规范的规则来规避防火墙。我们观察到基于明文TLS服务器名称指示(SNI)的审查,但我们没有发现HTTPS批量解密的证据。我们还报告了自2014年以来禁止关键字列表内容的变化。自2014年以来,超过85%的禁用关键词已被替换,幸存的术语指的是长期敏感的主题。新的关键词指的是最近发生的事件和争议。GFW的关键字列表与中国聊天客户端使用的屏蔽列表不同步。
The Great Firewall of China (GFW) prevents Chinese citizens from accessing online content deemed objectionable by the Chinese government. One way it does this is to search for forbidden keywords in unencrypted packet streams. When it detects them, it terminates the offending stream by injecting TCP RST packets, and blocks further traffic between the same two hosts for a few minutes.We report on a detailed investigation of the GFW’s application-layer understanding of HTTP. Forbidden keywords are only detected in certain locations within an HTTP request. Requests that contain the English word “search” are inspected for a longer list of forbidden keywords than requests without this word. The firewall can be evaded by bending the rules of the HTTP specification. We observe censorship based on the cleartext TLS Server Name Indication (SNI), but we find no evidence for bulk decryption of HTTPS.We also report on changes since 2014 in the contents of the forbidden keyword list. Over 85% of the forbidden keywords have been replaced since 2014, with the surviving terms referring to perennially sensitive topics. The new keywords refer to recent events and controversies. The GFW’s keyword list is not kept in sync with the blocklists used by Chinese chat clients.
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