Neural Progenitor Cell Polarity and Cortical Development.

Neural Progenitor Cell Polarity and Cortical Development.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncel.2017.00384
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Taverna E
Taverna E
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Arai Y;Taverna E

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大脑皮层的神经元是在胚胎发育过程中从神经干细胞和祖细胞产生的,这一过程称为神经发生。神经干细胞和祖细胞根据有丝分裂的不同位置(顶端或基底)和极性特征(双极、单极和非极性)分为几类。干细胞的极化结构与蛋白质、mRNA和细胞器(如中心体和高尔基体(GA))的不对称定位有关。极性影响干细胞的功能,并允许干细胞整合来自发育中的大脑皮层不同小生境的环境线索。极性在神经干细胞和祖细胞中的关键作用突出表现为细胞极性受损与神经发育障碍如唐氏综合征、脆性X综合征、自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)和精神分裂症有关。
Neurons populating the cerebral cortex are generated during embryonic development from neural stem and progenitor cells in a process called neurogenesis. Neural stem and progenitor cells are classified into several classes based on the different location of mitosis (apical or basal) and polarity features (bipolar, monopolar and non-polar). The polarized architecture of stem cells is linked to the asymmetric localization of proteins, mRNAs and organelles, such as the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus (GA). Polarity affects stem cell function and allows stem cells to integrate environmental cues from distinct niches in the developing cerebral cortex. The crucial role of polarity in neural stem and progenitor cells is highlighted by the fact that impairment of cell polarity is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia.
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