Winter warming post floral initiation delays flowering via bud dormancy activation and affects yield in a winter annual crop.
Winter warming post floral initiation delays flowering via bud dormancy activation and affects yield in a winter annual crop.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2204355119
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发表时间：
2022-09-27
影响因子：
11.1
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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在温带气候中，许多植物物种利用冬季寒冷的长期检测作为季节性线索。以前，冬季一年生植物的开花时间已被证明是由寒冷促进花的转变控制的，称为春化。相反，许多温带多年生植物在冬季之前产生花蕾，并需要冬季冷冻来打破芽休眠，以便在次年春天发芽和开花。在这里，我们表明，开花时间在冬季一年生植物可以控制芽休眠，在冬季油菜减少寒冷的花蕾休眠与产量下降。冬季一年生生活史是由春化作用的要求所赋予的，以促进花的过渡和控制开花的时间。在这里，我们表明，使用冬季油菜开花时间控制花序芽休眠除了春化。在实验室和田间对植物进行的冬季变暖处理增加了花蕾脱落酸水平，推迟了春季开花。我们表明，促进开花时间的冷冻生殖组织的影响与两个FLC基因的活性，特别是沉默响应冬季温度在发展中的花序，再加上激活的BRANCHED 1依赖芽休眠转录模块。我们表明，除了控制开花时间外，正常的花序发育和高产还需要足够的冬季低温。由于冬季花发育过程中的变暖与景观尺度上的产量损失有关，我们的工作表明，芽休眠激活可能对气候变化对冬季农作物产量的影响很重要。
In temperate climates many plant species use long-term detection of winter chilling as a seasonal cue. Previously the timing of flowering in winter annual plants has been shown to be controlled by the promotion of the floral transition by chilling, known as vernalization. In contrast, many temperate perennial species produce flower buds prior to winter and require winter chilling to break bud dormancy to enable bud break and flowering in the following spring. Here we show that flowering time in winter annuals can be controlled by bud dormancy and that in winter oilseed rape–reduced chilling during flower bud dormancy is associated with yield declines. Winter annual life history is conferred by the requirement for vernalization to promote the floral transition and control the timing of flowering. Here we show using winter oilseed rape that flowering time is controlled by inflorescence bud dormancy in addition to vernalization. Winter warming treatments given to plants in the laboratory and field increase flower bud abscisic acid levels and delay flowering in spring. We show that the promotive effect of chilling reproductive tissues on flowering time is associated with the activity of two FLC genes specifically silenced in response to winter temperatures in developing inflorescences, coupled with activation of a BRANCHED1-dependent bud dormancy transcriptional module. We show that adequate winter chilling is required for normal inflorescence development and high yields in addition to the control of flowering time. Because warming during winter flower development is associated with yield losses at the landscape scale, our work suggests that bud dormancy activation may be important for effects of climate change on winter arable crop yields.
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