Adaptive Gain Modification of the Blink Reflex
Adaptive Gain Modification of the Blink Reflex
复制标题
眨眼反射的自适应增益修改
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Manning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Evinger;J. Pellegrini;K. Manning
反射性眨眼仅由三种力的相互作用产生：（1）由紧张性主动提睑肌产生的主动向上力，其提升上眼睑;（2）由正常静止的眼轮匝肌（00）产生的主动向下力，其闭合眼睑;以及（3）内在的被动向下力，其作用为向下拉上眼睑。在眨眼过程中，提睑肌放松，00短暂收缩，迅速降低眼睑。当00恢复到静止状态时，提睑肌恢复其紧张性活动，克服被动的向下张力并缓慢地提起眼睑。(For综述见参考文献。1-3.）尽管反射性眨眼的机械和神经简单，但它们表现出更复杂的运动系统的许多特征？一个这样的特性是眨眼反射经历自适应增益修改的能力。当神经系统改变刺激的大小和随后的反射的幅度之间的关系以补偿改变正常反应的持续扰动时，发生适应性增益变化。这些增益变化可以增加或减少运动的幅度，这取决于扰动。扫视眼球运动是一种比眨眼复杂得多的运动行为，说明了这种形式的运动学习。呈现与注视点偏心10度的目标通常会引起10度的扫视眼球运动。然而，如果研究者呈现此刺激，然后在眼球跳视运动期间将目标移动到偏心14度的点，则眼睛将距离目标差4度。如果重复地进行该目标移位，则扫视系统通过在呈现10度偏心的目标时产生14度扫视来开始补偿。因此，自适应增益变化重新校准刺激幅度和随后的运动响应之间的关系，以便使运动诱发输入和运动输出回到寄存器中。
A reflex blink results from the interaction of only three forces: ( 1 ) an active upward force produced by the tonically active levator palpebrae muscle, which elevates the upper eyelid; (2) an active downward force created by the normally quiescent orbicularis oculi (00) muscle, which closes the eyelid; and (3) an intrinsic, passive downward force, which acts to pull the upper eyelid down. During a blink the levator palpebrae relaxes and the 00 transiently contracts, rapidly lowering the eyelid. As the 00 returns to its quiescent state, the levator palpebrae resumes its tonic activity, overcoming the passive downward tension and slowly raising the eyelid. (For a review see refs. 1-3.) Despite the mechanical and neuronal simplicity of reflex blinks, they manifest many characteristics of more complex motor systems? One such characteristic is the ability of the blink reflex to undergo adaptive gain modification. Adaptive gain changes occur when the nervous system alters the relation between the magnitude of a stimulus and the amplitude of the ensuing reflex to compensate for persistent perturbations that modify the normal response. These gain changes can either increase or decrease the amplitude of the movement, depending on the perturbation. Saccadic eye movements, a much more complex motor behavior than blinking, illustrate this form of motor learning.' Presentation of a target 10 degrees eccentric to the point of fixation normally elicits a 10-degree saccadic eye movement. However, if the investigator presents this stimulus and then shifts the target to a point 14 degrees eccentric during the saccadic eye movement, the eye will fall 4 degrees short of the target. If this target shift is done repeatedly, the saccadic system begins to compensate by producing a 14-degree saccade when presented with a target 10 degrees eccentric. Thus, the adaptive gain change recalibrates the relation between stimulus magnitude and the ensuing motor response so as to bring the movement-evoking input and the motor output back into register.
猫的垂直前庭眼反射：不对称和适应。
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Snyder,LH;King,WM
通讯作者：
King,WM
包含猴子前庭眼反射运动学习部位的通路的潜伏期。
DOI：
10.1126/science.6610214
发表时间：
1984
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lisberger,SG
通讯作者：
Lisberger,SG
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
OPTICAN, LM;ROBINSON, DA
通讯作者：
ROBINSON, DA