Biosynthesis of the Apoptolidins in Nocardiopsis sp. FU 40.

Biosynthesis of the Apoptolidins in Nocardiopsis sp. FU 40.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.106
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发表时间:
2011-09-02
期刊:
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Bachmann BO
Bachmann BO
中科院分区:
化学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Du Y;Derewacz DK;Deguire SM;Teske J;Ravel J;Sulikowski GA;Bachmann BO

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所述雷公藤内酯是由拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis sp.)FU 40产生的20/21元大环内酯。该家族的几个成员是癌细胞系中细胞凋亡的有效且显著选择性的诱导剂,可能通过不同的线粒体相关靶标。为了研究这种天然产物的生物合成,对产雷公藤甲素的拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis sp.FU40)的全基因组进行了测序,并鉴定了含有推定的雷公藤甲素生物合成基因簇的116 Kb区域。该martolidin基因簇包括I型聚酮合酶,具有13个同源模块,显然是通过从甲氧丙二酰-酰基载体蛋白加载模块转移以前所未有的方式启动的。跨越大约39个开放阅读框,将基因簇克隆到一系列重叠的互补序列中,并通过生产生物体中的靶向基因破坏实验进行功能验证。破坏假定的PKS和P450基因描绘了这些基因在雷公藤甲素生物合成和化学互补研究中的作用,表明完整的生物合成外围的破坏基因。这项工作提供了深入了解这种生物学上重要的天然产物的生物合成的细节,并提供了一个基础,为未来的mutasynthetic方法生成非天然apotolidins。
The apoptolidins are 20/21-membered macrolides produced by Nocardiopsis sp. FU40. Several members of this family are potent and remarkably selective inducers of apoptosis in cancer cell lines, likely via a distinct mitochondria associated target. To investigate the biosynthesis of this natural product, the complete genome of the apoptolidin producer Nocardiopsis sp. FU40 was sequenced and a 116 Kb region was identified containing a putative apoptolidin biosynthetic gene cluster. The apoptolidin gene cluster comprises a type I polyketide synthase, with 13 homologating modules, apparently initiated in an unprecedented fashion via transfer from a methoxymalonyl-acyl carrier protein loading module. Spanning approximately 39 open reading frames, the gene cluster was cloned into a series of overlapping cosmids and functionally validated by targeted gene disruption experiments in the producing organism. Disruption of putative PKS and P450 genes delineated the roles of these genes in apoptolidin biosynthesis and chemical complementation studies demonstrated intact biosynthesis peripheral to the disrupted genes. This work provides insight into details of the biosynthesis of this biologically significant natural product and provides a basis for future mutasynthetic methods for the generation of non-natural apopotolidins.
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