Functions of elongation factor G in translocation and ribosome recycling

Functions of elongation factor G in translocation and ribosome recycling
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延伸因子G在易位和核糖体回收中的作用

DOI:
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
M. Rodnina
M. Rodnina
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
W. Wintermeyer;A. Savelsbergh;A. Konevega;F. Peske;V. Katunin;Y. Semenkov;N. Fischer;H. Stark;M. Rodnina

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延伸因子G(elongation factor G,EF-G)是协助核糖体合成蛋白质的翻译因子中唯一一个在蛋白质合成的两个不同阶段发挥作用的翻译因子。e.在延伸期的易位步骤和终止后的核糖体解体中。在易位过程中,两个tRNA从核糖体的一个位点大距离移动到下一个相邻位点,mRNA通过一个密码子偶联移动。该过程由EF-G和GTP水解促进,以细胞中快速蛋白质合成所需的速度进行。在核糖体再循环期间,核糖体后终止复合物解离成亚基;该反应由EF-G与核糖体再循环因子(RRF)一起引起,并且需要GTP水解。理解EF-G功能的基本问题是:(i)EF-G如何加速核糖体上的tRNA和mRNA的运动;(ii)EF-G如何与RRF合作解离核糖体;(iii)GTP水解和Pi释放如何与前向运动和核糖体解体耦合?本文综述了近年来关于核糖体转运和再循环的分子机制以及EF-G在这两个反应中的作用。关于易位的不同方面的详细描述也可以在最近的几篇综述中找到(Shoji et al.,2009; Dunkle和Cate,2010; Frank和Gonzalez,2010)。
Among the translation factors that assist the ribosome in synthesizing proteins, elongation factor G (EF-G) is the only one that functions in two different phases of protein synthesis, i. e. in the translocation step of the elongation phase and in ribosome disassembly following termination. During translocation two tRNAs move by large distances from one site of the ribosome to the next, adjacent site, with the coupled movement of mRNA by one codon. The process is promoted by EF-G and GTP hydrolysis to proceed at the velocity required for rapid protein synthesis in the cell. During ribosome recycling the ribosomal post-termination complex is dissociated into subunits; the reaction is brought about by EF-G together with the ribosome recycling factor (RRF) and requires GTP hydrolysis. Fundamental questions in understanding EF-G function are: (i) How does EF-G accelerate the movement of tRNAs together with the mRNA on the ribosome; (ii) how does EF-G cooperate with RRF to dissociate the ribosomes; and (iii) how are GTP hydrolysis and Pi release coupled to forward movement and ribosome disassembly? The aim of this review is to summarize the recent insights into the molecular mechanism of translocation and ribosome recycling and the role of EF-G in the two reactions. Detailed accounts focusing on different aspects of translocation can also be found in several recent reviews (Shoji et al., 2009; Dunkle and Cate, 2010; Frank and Gonzalez, 2010).
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