HIV testing rates and outcomes in a South African community, 2001-2006: implications for expanded screening policies.

HIV testing rates and outcomes in a South African community, 2001-2006: implications for expanded screening policies.
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DOI:
10.1097/qai.0b013e3181a248e6
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发表时间:
2009-07-01
期刊:
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wood R
Wood R
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
April MD;Walensky RP;Chang Y;Pitt J;Freedberg KA;Losina E;Paltiel AD;Wood R

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修订后的世界卫生组织建议寻求增加艾滋病毒检测。我们通过检查高患病率人群中目前的检测和治疗趋势,评估了在南非扩大检测的必要性。我们确定了2001年至2006年期间接受艾滋病毒检测和抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的成年人的数量,使用与两个医疗机构的患者记录相关联的检测登记册,据信这两个医疗机构负责向人口提供几乎所有的艾滋病毒服务。我们使用人口普查人口计数评估年度人口检测率;检测血清阳性的客户比例(产量); CD 4计数和诊断时的WHO分期;以及ART启动率。艾滋病毒检测率从2001年的4%上升到2006年的20%(p<0.001),在接受提供者主动检测的孕妇中最高。首次测试的收益率从2001年的47%下降到2006年的28%。新诊断患者的中位CD 4计数和WHO分期分布保持稳定。在符合条件的六个月内接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染者从2001年的0%增加到2006年的68%(p<0.001)。2001-2006年期间,人口检测和抗逆转录病毒疗法启动率大幅上升。然而,感染率仍然很高,艾滋病毒感染者仍然很晚才得到诊断。这些研究结果突出表明,继续需要扩大检测和与护理的联系。
Revised World Health Organization recommendations seek to increase HIV testing. We assessed the need for expanded testing in South Africa by examining current testing and treatment trends among a high-prevalence population. We determined the numbers of adults receiving HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment (ART) during 2001–2006 using testing registers linked to patient records from two healthcare facilities believed responsible for virtually all HIV services available to the population. We evaluated annual population testing rates using census population counts; proportions of clients testing seropositive (yield); CD4 counts and WHO stage at diagnosis; and ART initiation rates. HIV testing rates rose from 4% in 2001 to 20% in 2006 (p<0.001) and were highest among pregnant females receiving provider-initiated testing. Yield for first-time testers decreased from 47% in 2001 to 28% in 2006. Median CD4 counts and WHO stage distributions for newly-diagnosed clients remained stable. HIV-infected clients receiving ART within six months of eligibility increased from 0% in 2001 to 68% in 2006 (p<0.001). Population testing and ART initiation rates rose dramatically during 2001–2006. Yet, yield remained high and HIV-infected persons continued to receive late diagnoses. These findings highlight the continuing need for expanded testing and linkage to care.
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