Engineering Microbes to Bio-Upcycle Polyethylene Terephthalate.
Engineering Microbes to Bio-Upcycle Polyethylene Terephthalate.
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工程微生物对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯进行生物升级。
DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2021.656465
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Jayakody LN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dissanayake L;Jayakody LN
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）是全球最大的芳香族聚酯，年产量超过5000万吨。PET可以机械和化学回收;然而，在将PET转化为原始聚合物时，化学回收的额外成本是不合理的，这导致每年生产的PET中只有不到30%被回收。因此，废PET极大地促进了塑料污染，并破坏了陆地和水生生态系统。全球对PET的能源和环境关注突出了对PET“升级回收”技术的明确需求，即从回收的PET中创造更高价值的产品。已经成功鉴定了几种降解PET的微生物和相应的PET水解酶。这些酶的表征和工程化以选择性地将PET脱附成原始单体如对苯二甲酸和乙二醇已经成功。合成微生物学和代谢工程方法能够开发高效的微生物细胞工厂，将PET衍生的单体转化为增值产品。在这篇简短的综述中，我们介绍了工程微生物的最新进展，利用全生物和混合化学催化-生物策略从废PET中生产更高价值的化学构建模块。我们还强调了将PET生物上循环为高价值生物转化分子的有效代谢途径。新的合成微生物将有助于建立循环材料经济，减轻PET对能源和环境的不利影响，并为PET回收提供市场激励。
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is globally the largest produced aromatic polyester with an annual production exceeding 50 million metric tons. PET can be mechanically and chemically recycled; however, the extra costs in chemical recycling are not justified when converting PET back to the original polymer, which leads to less than 30% of PET produced annually to be recycled. Hence, waste PET massively contributes to plastic pollution and damaging the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The global energy and environmental concerns with PET highlight a clear need for technologies in PET “upcycling,” the creation of higher-value products from reclaimed PET. Several microbes that degrade PET and corresponding PET hydrolase enzymes have been successfully identified. The characterization and engineering of these enzymes to selectively depolymerize PET into original monomers such as terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol have been successful. Synthetic microbiology and metabolic engineering approaches enable the development of efficient microbial cell factories to convert PET-derived monomers into value-added products. In this mini-review, we present the recent progress of engineering microbes to produce higher-value chemical building blocks from waste PET using a wholly biological and a hybrid chemocatalytic–biological strategy. We also highlight the potent metabolic pathways to bio-upcycle PET into high-value biotransformed molecules. The new synthetic microbes will help establish the circular materials economy, alleviate the adverse energy and environmental impacts of PET, and provide market incentives for PET reclamation.
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