Exposure to heat-stress environment affects the physiology, circulation levels of cytokines, and microbiome in dairy cows.
Exposure to heat-stress environment affects the physiology, circulation levels of cytokines, and microbiome in dairy cows.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-32886-1
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发表时间：
2018-10-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Gu X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen S;Wang J;Peng D;Li G;Chen J;Gu X
微生物组已成为行为，生理和压力的新参与者，因为它对脑-肠轴有显著影响。本研究的目的是增加我们对奶牛脑肠道功能的了解。研究了热应激（HS）环境和热敏感性（IH）个体差异对牛生理特性和微生物组成的影响。结果表明，高、中、低剂量组均能显著提高直肠温度（P < 0.05）。HS环境增加了血浆、乳汁中皮质醇和细胞因子的水平，但降低了血浆、乳汁中催产素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸和甲状腺素的水平（P < 0.05）。暴露于HS环境降低了粪便微生物种群的多样性，导致疾病、环境适应途径和免疫相关途径的表达增加，而代谢途径的表达降低（P < 0.05）。高热敏感奶牛的代谢、环境适应和细胞过程途径上调，神经退行性疾病途径下调（P < 0.05）。因此，我们得出结论，暴露于HS环境调节生理特性，这可能与微生物活性相互作用，并反过来改变循环水平的细胞因子，暗示的作用，脑肠轴在奶牛。HS环境影响生理特性，细胞因子水平和微生物组成，但IH影响RT和粪便微生物功能。
The microbiome has emerged as a new player on behavior, physiology and stress because of its significant effects on the brain-gut axis. The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of brain-gut function in dairy cows. We investigated the effects of a heat-stress (HS) environment and individual differences of heat sensitivity (IH) on bovine physiological characteristics and microbial composition. Results indicate that both HS and IH increased rectal temperature (RT) (P < 0.05). An HS environment increased plasma, as well as milk cortisol and cytokines in plasma; however, it decreased plasma, and milk oxytocin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine (P < 0.05) levels. Exposure to an HS environment reduced the diversity of the fecal microbial population, and resulted in a higher expression of diseases, the environmental adaptation pathway, and the immune related pathway, whereas it lowered the expression of metabolic pathways (P < 0.05). High heat sensitive cows have upregulated metabolisms, environmental adaptation and cellular process pathways, and a downregulated neurodegenerative disease pathway (P < 0.05). Thus, we conclude that exposure to an HS environment modulates physiological characteristics, which may interplay with microbial activity, and in turn, alter the circulation levels of cytokines, implicating the role of the brain-gut axis in dairy cows. The HS environment affected physiological characteristics, cytokine levels, and microbial composition, but IH influenced RT and fecal microbial functions.
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