Geometric constraints for porphyrin binding in helical protein binding sites.

Geometric constraints for porphyrin binding in helical protein binding sites.
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DOI:
10.1002/prot.22143
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发表时间:
2009-02-01
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Koder, Ronald L.
Koder, Ronald L.
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Negron, Christopher;Fufezan, Christian;Koder, Ronald L.

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Helical bundles which bind heme and porphyrin cofactors have been popular targets for cofactor-containing de novo protein design. By analyzing a highly non-redundant subset of the protein databank, we have determined a rotamer distribution for helical histidines bound to heme cofactors. Analysis of the entire non-redundant database for helical sequence preferences near the ligand histidine demonstrated little preference for amino acid side chain identity, size, or charge. Analysis of the database subdivided by ligand histidine rotamer, however, reveals strong preferences in each case, and computational modeling illuminates the structural basis for some of these findings. The majority of the rotamer distribution matches that predicted by molecular simulation of a single porphyrin-bound histidine residue placed in the center of an all-alanine helix, and the deviations explain two prominent features of natural heme protein binding sites: heme distortion in the case of the cytochromes C in the m166 histidine rotamer, and a highly prevalent glycine residue in the t73 histidine rotamer. These preferences permit derivation of helical consensus sequence templates which predict optimal side chain-cofactor packing interactions for each rotamer. These findings thus promise to guide future design endeavors not only in the creation of higher affinity heme and porphyrin binding sites, but in the direction of bound cofactor geometry.
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