Genetic and Physiological Responses to Heat Stress in Brassica napus.
Genetic and Physiological Responses to Heat Stress in Brassica napus.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2022.832147
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
鉴于目前全球气温上升，热应力已成为影响各种作物生长和发育并降低其生产力的主要非生物挑战。甘蓝型油菜是世界上第二大植物油来源，其种子产量和质量对热的反应急剧下降。本文综述了热应激对B不同发育阶段的遗传和生理影响的最新研究进展。特别关注花发育、器官发生和开花后的生殖阶段。一些研究表明，在这些关键时期的极端温度波动对植物产生不利影响，往往导致生长受损和种子产量减少。热胁迫适应的基本机制和相关的关键调控基因进行了讨论。此外，概述了B的多倍体性质及其意义。napus和选择性剪接在形成引发诱导的热应激记忆中的调节作用。对热应激过程中表观遗传修饰动态的新见解进行了讨论。有趣的是，虽然这种研究在B。与欧洲油菜相比，在不同物种和同一物种的栽培品种中，在各种非生物胁迫下，已经鉴定出关键遗传和表观遗传组分表达的相反趋势，表明这些基因及其在热胁迫耐受机制中的调节的复杂作用。此外，基于组学的研究进行了讨论，重点是转录组，蛋白质组和代谢组的B。油菜，以获得系统水平的了解如何热胁迫改变其产量和品质性状。组学方法的结合揭示了参与热应激耐受性复杂机制的关键相互作用和调控网络。我们确定了关于热应激对B的影响的关键知识缺口。在决定产量的生殖阶段，对这一问题仍需进行深入分析。更深入地了解组织特异性模型中的热应激反应组分和机制，将成为深入了解这一重要作物物种中发生的耐热性调节的垫脚石，并支持未来耐热作物的育种。
Given the current rise in global temperatures, heat stress has become a major abiotic challenge affecting the growth and development of various crops and reducing their productivity. Brassica napus, the second largest source of vegetable oil worldwide, experiences a drastic reduction in seed yield and quality in response to heat. This review outlines the latest research that explores the genetic and physiological impact of heat stress on different developmental stages of B. napus with a special attention to the reproductive stages of floral progression, organogenesis, and post flowering. Several studies have shown that extreme temperature fluctuations during these crucial periods have detrimental effects on the plant and often leading to impaired growth and reduced seed production. The underlying mechanisms of heat stress adaptations and associated key regulatory genes are discussed. Furthermore, an overview and the implications of the polyploidy nature of B. napus and the regulatory role of alternative splicing in forming a priming-induced heat-stress memory are presented. New insights into the dynamics of epigenetic modifications during heat stress are discussed. Interestingly, while such studies are scarce in B. napus, opposite trends in expression of key genetic and epigenetic components have been identified in different species and in cultivars within the same species under various abiotic stresses, suggesting a complex role of these genes and their regulation in heat stress tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, omics-based studies are discussed with emphasis on the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of B. napus, to gain a systems level understanding of how heat stress alters its yield and quality traits. The combination of omics approaches has revealed crucial interactions and regulatory networks taking part in the complex machinery of heat stress tolerance. We identify key knowledge gaps regarding the impact of heat stress on B. napus during its yield determining reproductive stages, where in-depth analysis of this subject is still needed. A deeper knowledge of heat stress response components and mechanisms in tissue specific models would serve as a stepping-stone to gaining insights into the regulation of thermotolerance that takes place in this important crop species and support future breeding of heat tolerant crops.
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