The origin and early evolution of Sauria: reassessing the permian Saurian fossil record and the timing of the crocodile-lizard divergence.
The origin and early evolution of Sauria: reassessing the permian Saurian fossil record and the timing of the crocodile-lizard divergence.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0089165
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Butler RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ezcurra MD;Scheyer TM;Butler RJ
蜥类是双足纲的冠群，又细分为鳞龙形目和初龙形目，在四足动物的现存和化石多样性中占有很高的比例。lepidosauromorphs和archosauromorphs之间的分裂（鳄鱼蜥蜴，或鸟蜥蜴，分歧）被认为是四足动物进化的分子分析的关键校准点之一。蜥蜴类有着非常丰富的中生代和新生代化石记录，但它们在晚古生代（二叠纪）的记录是有问题的。一些二叠纪的标本被认为属于蜥脚类，但其中一些记录的亲缘关系仍然存在疑问。我们重新检查和审查所有这些标本在这里，提供新的数据，包括骨组织学的早期蜥蜴类进化，并提出了一个新的形态系统发育数据集。我们支持以前的研究，发现没有有效的二叠纪记录Lepidosauromorpha，我们也拒绝了一些以前的参考二叠纪标本初龙形。最具信息量的二叠纪原型龙是来自西欧晚二叠世中期的斯氏原龙。坦桑尼亚晚二叠世的一个历史上有问题的标本被重新描述和重新鉴定为一个新的基底初型龙属和种：Aenigmastropheus parringtoni。在俄罗斯晚二叠世发现的奥氏原龙（英语：Eorasaurus olsoni）可能是该类群中最古老的成员，但系统发育支持率较低。支持将俄罗斯二叠纪末的罗斯初龙（Archosaurus rossicus）归入原鳄科初龙型分支。我们的修订建议鳄鱼蜥蜴分裂的最低化石校准日期为254.7 Ma。在盘古大陆的北方（30°N）和南方（55°S）出现的基底原型龙形类意味着晚二叠世期间该群体的古生物地理分布比以前估计的要广。根据Aenigmastropheus骨组织学的新数据，早期的主龙形动物的生长策略似乎比以前提出的更加多样化。
Sauria is the crown-group of Diapsida and is subdivided into Lepidosauromorpha and Archosauromorpha, comprising a high percentage of the diversity of living and fossil tetrapods. The split between lepidosauromorphs and archosauromorphs (the crocodile-lizard, or bird-lizard, divergence) is considered one of the key calibration points for molecular analyses of tetrapod phylogeny. Saurians have a very rich Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil record, but their late Paleozoic (Permian) record is problematic. Several Permian specimens have been referred to Sauria, but the phylogenetic affinity of some of these records remains questionable. We reexamine and review all of these specimens here, providing new data on early saurian evolution including osteohistology, and present a new morphological phylogenetic dataset. We support previous studies that find that no valid Permian record for Lepidosauromorpha, and we also reject some of the previous referrals of Permian specimens to Archosauromorpha. The most informative Permian archosauromorph is Protorosaurus speneri from the middle Late Permian of Western Europe. A historically problematic specimen from the Late Permian of Tanzania is redescribed and reidentified as a new genus and species of basal archosauromorph: Aenigmastropheus parringtoni. The supposed protorosaur Eorasaurus olsoni from the Late Permian of Russia is recovered among Archosauriformes and may be the oldest known member of the group but the phylogenetic support for this position is low. The assignment of Archosaurus rossicus from the latest Permian of Russia to the archosauromorph clade Proterosuchidae is supported. Our revision suggests a minimum fossil calibration date for the crocodile-lizard split of 254.7 Ma. The occurrences of basal archosauromorphs in the northern (30°N) and southern (55°S) parts of Pangea imply a wider paleobiogeographic distribution for the group during the Late Permian than previously appreciated. Early archosauromorph growth strategies appear to be more diverse than previously suggested based on new data on the osteohistology of Aenigmastropheus.
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Arcucci, A;Marsicano, CA
通讯作者：
Marsicano, CA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0811087106
发表时间：
2009-08-11
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Alfaro, Michael E.;Santini, Francesco;Harmon, Luke J.
通讯作者：
Harmon, Luke J.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Angielczyk, Kenneth D.;Sidor, Christian A.;Tsuji, Linda A.
通讯作者：
Tsuji, Linda A.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Benton, MJ;Tverdokhlebov, VP;Surkov, MV
通讯作者：
Surkov, MV
来自波多利亚（乌克兰）下泥盆统的盾皮甲新属（节节虫：“Actinolepida”）
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Bertelli, Sara;Chiappe, Luis M.;Tambussi, Claudia
通讯作者：
Tambussi, Claudia