Variability in chemical defense across a shallow to mesophotic depth gradient in the Caribbean sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus
Variability in chemical defense across a shallow to mesophotic depth gradient in the Caribbean sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus
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加勒比海绵 Plakortis angulospiculatus 中浅光到中光深度梯度化学防御的变化
DOI：
10.1007/s00338-015-1324-9
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
M. Lesser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Slattery;D. Gochfeld;M. Diaz;R. Thacker;M. Lesser
热带浅层珊瑚礁群落和中厚层珊瑚礁群落之间的过渡以非生物和生物条件的显著梯度为特征，这可能导致能量分配的潜在权衡。巴哈马群岛和开曼群岛的中深水礁有丰富的海绵动物群，海绵的覆盖率明显高于各自的浅水礁群落，但海绵动物的数量相对较少。Plakortisangulospiculatus是一种常见的海绵物种，它跨越了加勒比地区从浅层到中孔珊瑚礁的深度梯度，与浅层珊瑚礁相比，它在捕食后再生得更快，并在中孔深度投入更多的能量来合成蛋白质。然而，由于来自中深水礁的鳗棘鱼通常含有较低浓度的化学摄食威慑物，它们不能像来自浅珊瑚礁的同种鱼那样有效地保护新组织免受捕食。然而，在浅海礁上暴露于捕食者后，从中鳍深度移植的鳗棘棘鱼对掠食性鱼类产生了化学威慑作用。一项生物活性提取物的调查表明，一种特定的防御性代谢物plakortide F的浓度随着深度的变化而变化，在浅海和中深水礁P. angulospiculatus之间产生不同的威慑作用。不同的选择压力导致了这种海绵物种的表型可塑性，表现在不同的化学防御和伤口部位的组织再生。
The transition between shallow and mesophotic coral reef communities in the tropics is characterized by a significant gradient in abiotic and biotic conditions that could result in potential trade-offs in energy allocation. The mesophotic reefs in the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands have a rich sponge fauna with significantly greater percent cover of sponges than in their respective shallow reef communities, but relatively low numbers of spongivores. Plakortisangulospiculatus, a common sponge species that spans the depth gradient from shallow to mesophotic reefs in the Caribbean, regenerates faster following predation and invests more energy in protein synthesis at mesophotic depths compared to shallow reef conspecifics. However, since P. angulospiculatus from mesophotic reefs typically contain lower concentrations of chemical feeding deterrents, they are not able to defend new tissue from predation as efficiently as conspecifics from shallow reefs. Nonetheless, following exposure to predators on shallow reefs, transplanted P. angulospiculatus from mesophotic depths developed chemical deterrence to predatory fishes. A survey of bioactive extracts indicated that a specific defensive metabolite, plakortide F, varied in concentration with depth, producing altered deterrence between shallow and mesophotic reef P. angulospiculatus. Different selective pressures in shallow and mesophotic habitats have resulted in phenotypic plasticity within this sponge species that is manifested in variable chemical defense and tissue regeneration at wound sites.
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Gochfeld, DJ;Hamann, MT
通讯作者：
Hamann, MT