Assessing the hydrological effect of the check dams in the Loess Plateau, China, by model simulations
Assessing the hydrological effect of the check dams in the Loess Plateau, China, by model simulations
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通过模型模拟评估中国黄土高原淤地坝的水文效应
DOI：
10.5194/hess-17-2185-2013
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发表时间：
2012-12
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
He, C. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu, Y. D.;Fu, B. J.;He, C. S.
淤地坝通常用于土壤保持。20世纪70年代以来，淤地坝作为拦洪拦沙的主要手段在黄土高原地区得到了广泛的应用。黄土高原延河流域面积7725 km 2，现有淤地坝6572座。然而，很少有研究已经做了量化的水文效果的检查坝。本文应用SWAT模型对延河流域的径流泥沙进行了模拟。我们将1950年代至1960年代作为参考期，因为在此期间很少有淤地坝。在参考期内对模型进行了首次标定和验证。在此基础上，利用修正后的模型对淤地坝的水文效应进行了模拟。结果表明，淤地坝对径流具有调节作用，对泥沙具有截留作用。1984 ~ 1987年，（5月至10月）下降1.54 m（3）s（-1）（14.7%）至3.13 m（3）s（-1）25.9%为淤地坝;而在旱季（11月至次年4月）径流量增加1.46m（3）s（-1）（60.5%）降为1.95 m3 s（-1）（101.2%），雨季泥沙减少2.49 × 10 6 t（34.6%）降为4.35 × 10 6 t（48.0%）。2006 ~ 2008年，雨季径流量减少0.79m（3）s（-1）（15.5%）至1.75 m（3）s（-1）（28.9%），枯季径流量增加0.51 m（3）s（-1）（20.1%）降至0.97 m3 s（-1）（46.4%）;雨季泥沙减少2.03 x10（6）t（79.4%）至3.12 x10（6）t（85.5%）。黄土高原大量淤地坝的建设，增强了该地区的控水拦沙能力。延河流域淤地坝年径流量减少不超过14.3%，雨季拦沙率高达85.5%。因此，淤地坝是黄土高原水土流失防治的有效措施。
Check dams are commonly used for soil conservation. In the Loess Plateau of China, check dams have been widely constructed as the principal means to retain floodwater and intercept soil sediments since the 1970s. For instance, there are more than 6572 check dams in the Yanhe watershed with an area of 7725 km(2) in the Loess Plateau. However, little research has been done to quantify the hydrological effects of the check dams. In this research, the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was applied to simulate the runoff and sediment in the Yanhe watershed. We treated the 1950s to 1960s as the reference period since there were very few check dams during the period. The model was firstly calibrated and validated in the reference period. The calibrated model was then used in the later periods to simulate the hydrological effects of the check dams. The results showed that the check dams had a regulation effect on runoff and a retention effect on sediment. From 1984 to 1987, the runoff in rainy season (from May to October) decreased by 1.54 m(3) s(-1) (14.7 %) to 3.13 m(3) s(-1) (25.9 %) due to the check dams; while in dry season (from November to the following April), runoff increased by 1.46 m(3) s(-1) (60.5%) to 1.95 m(3) s(-1) (101.2 %); the sediment in rainy season decreased by 2.49x10(6) ton (34.6 %) to 4.35x10(6) ton (48.0 %). From 2006 to 2008, the runoff in rainy season decreased by 0.79m(3) s(-1) (15.5 %) to 1.75 m(3) s(-1) (28.9 %), and the runoff in dry season increased by 0.51 m(3) s(-1) (20.1 %) to 0.97 m(3) s(-1) (46.4 %); the sediment in rainy season decreased by 2.03x10(6) ton (79.4 %) to 3.12x10(6) ton (85.5%). Construction of the large number of check dams in the Loess Plateau has enhanced the region's capacity to control the runoff and sediment. In the Yanhe watershed, the annual runoff was reduced by less than 14.3% due to the check dams; and the sediment in rainy season was blocked by up to 85.5 %. Thus, check dams are effective measures for soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau.
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