Notch ligand endocytosis: mechanistic basis of signaling activity.

Notch ligand endocytosis: mechanistic basis of signaling activity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.01.011
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发表时间:
2012-06
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Weinmaster, Gerry
Weinmaster, Gerry
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Musse, Abdiwahab A.;Meloty-Kapella, Laurence;Weinmaster, Gerry

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Notch信号的调控对大多数真核生物的发育和维持至关重要。Notch受体和配体是完整的膜蛋白,需要直接的细胞-细胞相互作用来激活信号。表达配体的细胞通过一种涉及Notch蛋白分解的不寻常机制激活Notch信号,从膜上释放细胞内域,使Notch受体直接发挥下游信号转导的功能。在没有配体的情况下,Notch受体保持在一种自身抑制的、对蛋白酶耐受的状态。遗传学研究表明,Notch配体需要泛素化、表观蛋白内吞适配器和动力蛋白依赖的内吞作用来实现信号活性。在这里,我们讨论了潜在的模型和支持证据,以解释配体内吞作用激活Notch细胞信号的绝对要求。具体地说,我们专注于配体介导的内吞力量在打开Notch、覆盖自身抑制状态以及激活蛋白分解以指导Notch特异性细胞反应中的作用。
Regulation of Notch signaling is critical to development and maintenance of most eukaryotic organisms. The Notch receptors and ligands are integral membrane proteins and direct cell–cell interactions are needed to activate signaling. Ligand-expressing cells activate Notch signaling through an unusual mechanism involving Notch proteolysis to release the intracellular domain from the membrane, allowing the Notch receptor to function directly as the downstream signal transducer. In the absence of ligand, the Notch receptor is maintained in an autoinhibited, protease resistant state. Genetic studies suggest that Notch ligands require ubiquitylation, epsin endocytic adaptors and dynamin-dependent endocytosis for signaling activity. Here we discuss potential models and supporting evidence to account for the absolute requirement for ligand endocytosis to activate signaling in Notch cells. Specifically, we focus on a role for ligand-mediated endocytic force to unfold Notch, override the autoinhibited state, and activate proteolysis to direct Notch-specific cellular responses.
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