Ceramide and Exosomes: A Novel Target in Cancer Biology and Therapy.
Ceramide and Exosomes: A Novel Target in Cancer Biology and Therapy.
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.acr.2018.05.004
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bieberich E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elsherbini A;Bieberich E
Exosome是分泌的细胞外小泡(EV)，携带微型RNA和其他因子，对癌细胞和受癌症影响的组织进行重新编程。外切体在癌细胞和其他组织之间交换，通常是为了准备转移前的利基，逃避免疫监视，或传播多药耐药。只有几项研究研究了外切体中脂类的功能，尽管它们的脂组成与分泌细胞的不同。神经酰胺是外切体形成的关键脂质之一，它也富含在这些EVS中。新的研究表明，胞外体膜中的脂质可以组织和传递将胞外体转变为细胞外信号小体的“移动木筏”，从而在肿瘤发生和转移过程中激活细胞信号通路。神经酰胺可能调节移动木筏的功能及其对这些细胞信号通路的影响。脂类，特别是神经酰胺对外切体的形成、分泌和功能的关键作用可能会导致对癌症生物学和治疗的全新理解。
Exosomes are secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry micro RNAs and other factors to reprogram cancer cells and tissues affected by cancer. Exosomes are exchanged between cancer cells and other tissues, often to prepare a premetastatic niche, escape immune surveillance, or spread multidrug resistance. Only a few studies investigated the function of lipids in exosomes, although their lipid composition is different from that of the secreting cells. Ceramide is one of the lipids critical for exosome formation and it is also enriched in these EVs. New research suggests that lipids in the exosomal membrane may organize and transmit “mobile rafts” that turn exosomes into extracellular signalosomes spreading activation of cell signaling pathways in oncogenesis and metastasis. Ceramide may modulate the function of mobile rafts and their effect on these cell signaling pathways. The critical role of lipids and in particular, ceramide for formation, secretion, and function of exosomes may lead to a radically new understanding of cancer biology and therapy.
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