Unveiling the hidden diversity of marine eukaryotes in the Ross Sea: A comparative analysis of seawater and sponge eDNA surveys

Unveiling the hidden diversity of marine eukaryotes in the Ross Sea: A comparative analysis of seawater and sponge eDNA surveys
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揭示罗斯海海洋真核生物隐藏的多样性:海水和海绵 eDNA 调查的比较分析

DOI:
10.1002/edn3.500
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jeunen G
Jeunen G
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作者:
Jeunen G

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南极洲的罗斯海虽然基本上是原始状态,但正在经历日益增加的人为压力,因此需要出于保护目的加强生物监测工作。从海洋海绵中提取的环境 DNA (eDNA) 无需耗时的水过滤,为偏远地区的生物多样性监测提供了一种有前途的方法。对海绵生命树 eDNA 信号检测功效的研究尚未得到充分探索。在这里,我们在罗斯海的七个沿海地点进行了海水和海绵 eDNA 元条形码调查,以评估空间真核生物多样性模式并研究两种基质之间的 eDNA 信号差异。我们总共检测到 30 个门的 1450 个操作分类单元 (OTU)。观察到水和海绵 eDNA 信号丰富度和组成存在显着差异,两种底物之间的 OTU 检测部分重叠,从而强调了底物选择在 eDNA 元条形码调查中的关键作用。此外,α和β多样性分析揭示了采样地点之间不同的eDNA信号,这得到了已知物种分布的证实。然而,由于参考数据库的限制,只有135个OTU(9%)可以成功分配到物种级别,574个OTU(40%)无法进行分类学分类。我们的结果为偏远地区 eDNA 监测的潜力提供了证据,证明需要考虑更复杂的采样策略,从而合并多种 eDNA 底物,并强调完整的参考数据库对于 eDNA 信号的稳健分类分配的重要性。
The Ross Sea, Antarctica, while largely pristine, is experiencing increased anthropogenic pressures, necessitating enhanced biomonitoring efforts for conservation purposes. Environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from marine sponges provides a promising approach for biodiversity monitoring in remote areas by circumventing the need for time‐consuming water filtration. Investigations into the efficacy of eDNA signal detection across the tree of life from marine sponges have yet to be fully explored. Here, we conducted a seawater and sponge eDNA metabarcoding survey at seven coastal locations in the Ross Sea to assess spatial eukaryote biodiversity patterns and investigate eDNA signal differences between both substrates. In total, we detected 1450 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across 30 phyla. Significant differences in water and sponge eDNA signal richness and composition were observed, with a partial overlap in OTU detection between both substrates and, thereby, underscoring the crucial role of substrate selection in eDNA metabarcoding surveys. Furthermore, alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed distinct eDNA signals among sampling locations, which were corroborated by known species distributions. However, only 135 OTUs (9%) could be successfully assigned to species level, and 574 OTUs (40%) were unable to be taxonomically classified, due to limitations in the reference database. Our results provide evidence for the potential of eDNA monitoring in remote areas, demonstrate the need to consider more sophisticated sampling strategies whereby multiple eDNA substrates are incorporated, and highlight the importance of complete reference databases for robust taxonomy assignment of eDNA signals.
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