Orexin, serotonin, and energy balance.
Orexin, serotonin, and energy balance.
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DOI：
10.1002/wsbm.1536
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
下丘脑外侧核对控制摄食行为和自发体力活动(SPA)至关重要，因为该区域的损害或刺激改变了这些行为。证据表明，下丘脑外侧的食欲素神经元是摄食和SPA的调节器。这些神经元影响广泛的系统，并投射到多个大脑区域，如中缝背核，其中包含对能量平衡至关重要的5-羟色胺能神经元(DRN)。体力活动包括有目的的锻炼和SPA。这是体力活动强度和结构连续体的两端。不以目标为导向的行为，如坐立不安、站立和走动，构成了人类的SPA，并反映了一种与有意活动分开的活动倾向，如高强度的自愿锻炼。在动物身上，SPA是不受食物或跑轮等奖励影响的活动。人类和动物的自发体育活动会燃烧卡路里，理论上可以通过药物操作来消耗卡路里，防止肥胖。DRN神经元接受食欲素输入，并大量投射到参与运动、摄食和能量消耗(EE)的皮质和皮质下区域。本文讨论了下丘脑食欲素在能量平衡中的作用，与DRN 5-羟色胺神经元的相互作用，以及该食欲素-5-羟色胺轴在调节食物摄入量、SPA和EE中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了食欲素-5-羟色胺相互作用可能涉及的脑区；5-羟色胺受体、转运体和摄取抑制物在肥胖发病机制和治疗中的作用；肥胖症与5-羟色胺功能受损的动物模型；5-羟色胺系统中的单核苷酸多态性与肥胖；以及食欲素-5-羟色胺领域的未来方向。代谢性疾病&分子和细胞生理学本文归类如下：下丘脑外侧区食欲素(OX)神经元向5-羟色胺能中缝背核(DRN)发出兴奋性投射。反过来，中缝背侧神经元投射回调节能量平衡的下丘脑，并投射到运动控制区，如基底节、运动皮质、小脑和脊髓。因此，黄体生成素-DRN-OX投射以及DRN向其他运动控制区的投射可能是影响自发体力活动和能量消耗的神经调节系统的一部分。
The lateral hypothalamus is critical for the control of ingestive behavior and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), as lesion or stimulation of this region alters these behaviors. Evidence points to lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons as modulators of feeding and SPA. These neurons affect a broad range of systems, and project to multiple brain regions such as the dorsal raphe nucleus, which contains serotoninergic neurons (DRN) important to energy homeostasis. Physical activity is comprised of intentional exercise and SPA. These are opposite ends of a continuum of physical activity intensity and structure. Non‐goal‐oriented behaviors, such as fidgeting, standing, and ambulating, constitute SPA in humans, and reflect a propensity for activity separate from intentional activity, such as high‐intensity voluntary exercise. In animals, SPA is activity not influenced by rewards such as food or a running wheel. Spontaneous physical activity in humans and animals burns calories and could theoretically be manipulated pharmacologically to expend calories and protect against obesity. The DRN neurons receive orexin inputs, and project heavily onto cortical and subcortical areas involved in movement, feeding and energy expenditure (EE). This review discusses the function of hypothalamic orexin in energy‐homeostasis, the interaction with DRN serotonin neurons, and the role of this orexin‐serotonin axis in regulating food intake, SPA, and EE. In addition, we discuss possible brain areas involved in orexin–serotonin cross‐talk; the role of serotonin receptors, transporters and uptake‐inhibitors in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity; animal models of obesity with impaired serotonin‐function; single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin system and obesity; and future directions in the orexin–serotonin field. Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology This article is categorized under: The lateral hypothalamus (LH) orexin (OX) neurons send excitatory projections to the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In turn, dorsal raphe neurons project back to the energy homeostasis‐regulating hypothalamus, and to motor control areas such as basal ganglia, motor cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Thus, the LH‐DRN OX projections, and projections from DRN to other motor control areas may be part of a neuromodulatory system that influences spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Choi, D. L.;Davis, J. F.;Magrisso, I. J.;Fitzgerald, M. E.;Lipton, J. W.;Benoit, S. C.
通讯作者：
Benoit, S. C.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Borgers, Anke J.;Koopman, Karin E.;Alkemade, Anneke
通讯作者：
Alkemade, Anneke
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Corpeleijn, Eva;Petersen, Liselotte;Blaak, Ellen E.
通讯作者：
Blaak, Ellen E.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Bunney PE;Zink AN;Holm AA;Billington CJ;Kotz CM
通讯作者：
Kotz CM
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Alam, MN;Kumar, S;McGinty, D
通讯作者：
McGinty, D