Re-examination of CD91 function in GRP94 (glycoprotein 96) surface binding, uptake, and peptide cross-presentation.
Re-examination of CD91 function in GRP94 (glycoprotein 96) surface binding, uptake, and peptide cross-presentation.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.1000448
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发表时间:
2010-12-01
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nicchitta CV
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jockheck-Clark AR;Bowers EV;Totonchy MB;Neubauer J;Pizzo SV;Nicchitta CV
Extracellular GRP94 (gp96) can initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses through interactions with antigen presenting cell surface receptors. Following the identification of CD91 as a receptor functioning in the cross-presentation of GRP94-associated peptides, scavenger receptors SR-A and SREC-I were demonstrated to function in GRP94 cell surface binding and endocytosis, lending controversy to the assignment of CD91 as the unique GRP94 endocytic receptor. To assess CD91 function in GRP94 surface binding and endocytosis, these parameters were examined in murine embyronic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines whose expression of CD91 was either reduced via RNAi or eliminated by genetic disruption of the CD91 locus. Reduction or loss of CD91 expression abrogated the binding and uptake of the CD91 ligand receptor-associated protein (RAP); surface binding and uptake of an N-terminal domain of GRP94 (GRP94.NTD) was unaffected. GRP94.NTD surface binding was markedly suppressed following treatment of MEF cell lines with heparin, the sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate, or heparinase II, demonstrating that heparin sulfate proteoglycans can function in GRP94.NTD surface binding. The role of CD91 in the cross-presentaton of GRP94-associated peptides was examined in the DC2.4 dendritic cell line. In DC2.4 cells, which express CD91, GRP94.NTD-peptide cross-presentation was insensitive to RAP or activated α2-macroglobulin and occurred primarily via a fluid phase uptake pathway. In summary, these data clarify conflicting data on CD91 function in GRP94 surface binding, endocytosis and peptide cross-presentation and identify HSPGs as novel GRP94 cell surface binding sites.
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