Re-examination of CD91 function in GRP94 (glycoprotein 96) surface binding, uptake, and peptide cross-presentation.

Re-examination of CD91 function in GRP94 (glycoprotein 96) surface binding, uptake, and peptide cross-presentation.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.1000448
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发表时间:
2010-12-01
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nicchitta CV
Nicchitta CV
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jockheck-Clark AR;Bowers EV;Totonchy MB;Neubauer J;Pizzo SV;Nicchitta CV

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细胞外 GRP94 (gp96) 可以通过与抗原呈递细胞表面受体相互作用来启动先天性和适应性免疫反应。在鉴定出 CD91 作为在 GRP94 相关肽交叉呈递中发挥作用的受体后,清道夫受体 SR-A 和 SREC-I 被证明在 GRP94 细胞表面结合和内吞作用中发挥作用,这给 CD91 作为独特的 GRP94 内吞受体的分配带来了争议。为了评估 CD91 在 GRP94 表面结合和内吞作用中的功能,在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞 (MEF) 细胞系中检查了这些参数,这些细胞系的 CD91 表达要么通过 RNAi 减少,要么通过 CD91 基因座的遗传破坏消除。 CD91 表达的减少或丧失会消除 CD91 配体受体相关蛋白 (RAP) 的结合和摄取; GRP94 (GRP94.NTD) N 端结构域的表面结合和摄取不受影响。用肝素、硫酸化抑制剂氯酸钠或肝素酶 II 处理 MEF 细胞系后,GRP94.NTD 表面结合显着受到抑制,这表明硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖可在 GRP94.NTD 表面结合中发挥作用。在 DC2.4 树突细胞系中检查了 CD91 在 GRP94 相关肽交叉呈递中的作用。在表达 CD91 的 DC2.4 细胞中,GRP94.NTD 肽交叉呈递对 RAP 或活化的 α2-巨球蛋白不敏感,并且主要通过液相摄取途径发生。总之,这些数据澄清了关于 CD91 在 GRP94 表面结合、胞吞作用和肽交叉呈递中的功能的相互矛盾的数据,并将 HSPG 确定为新的 GRP94 细胞表面结合位点。
Extracellular GRP94 (gp96) can initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses through interactions with antigen presenting cell surface receptors. Following the identification of CD91 as a receptor functioning in the cross-presentation of GRP94-associated peptides, scavenger receptors SR-A and SREC-I were demonstrated to function in GRP94 cell surface binding and endocytosis, lending controversy to the assignment of CD91 as the unique GRP94 endocytic receptor. To assess CD91 function in GRP94 surface binding and endocytosis, these parameters were examined in murine embyronic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines whose expression of CD91 was either reduced via RNAi or eliminated by genetic disruption of the CD91 locus. Reduction or loss of CD91 expression abrogated the binding and uptake of the CD91 ligand receptor-associated protein (RAP); surface binding and uptake of an N-terminal domain of GRP94 (GRP94.NTD) was unaffected. GRP94.NTD surface binding was markedly suppressed following treatment of MEF cell lines with heparin, the sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate, or heparinase II, demonstrating that heparin sulfate proteoglycans can function in GRP94.NTD surface binding. The role of CD91 in the cross-presentaton of GRP94-associated peptides was examined in the DC2.4 dendritic cell line. In DC2.4 cells, which express CD91, GRP94.NTD-peptide cross-presentation was insensitive to RAP or activated α2-macroglobulin and occurred primarily via a fluid phase uptake pathway. In summary, these data clarify conflicting data on CD91 function in GRP94 surface binding, endocytosis and peptide cross-presentation and identify HSPGs as novel GRP94 cell surface binding sites.
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