Metagenomic analysis reveals taxonomic and functional diversity of microbial communities on the deteriorated wall paintings of Qinling Tomb in the Southern Tang Dynasty, China.
Metagenomic analysis reveals taxonomic and functional diversity of microbial communities on the deteriorated wall paintings of Qinling Tomb in the Southern Tang Dynasty, China.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12866-023-02887-w
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发表时间：
2023-05-19
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Zhang, Fang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xing, Wei;Qi, Binjie;Chen, Rulong;Ding, Wenjun;Zhang, Fang
关键词：
自西班牙拉斯科首次报道微生物对古代壁画的威胁以来，微生物在壁画上的定殖越来越受到人们的关注。然而，微生物对壁画的生物降解作用目前还不清楚。特别是微生物群落在不同条件下的生物学功能在很大程度上仍然没有得到解决。南唐两陵是我国五代十国时期最大的帝王陵群，对研究唐宋时期的建筑、帝王陵制和艺术具有重要意义。为了了解不同微生物群落（MID和BK）的物种组成和代谢功能，我们采用宏基因组学方法对南唐两座陵墓之一的壁画样品进行了分析。结果表明，共鉴定出55门1729属。两种微生物群落结构相似，均以变形菌、放线菌和蓝藻为主。但在属级水平上，两个群落的物种丰度存在显著差异，MID以溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）为主，Luteimonas以MID为主，而BK则以鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）和链霉菌属（Streptomyces）为主，这与壁画的基质材料不同有关。结果表明，两种群落呈现出不同的代谢模式，MID群落主要参与生物膜的形成和外源污染物的降解，而BK群落主要参与光合作用过程和次生代谢产物的生物合成。这些结果表明，环境因素对微生物种群的分类组成和功能多样性的影响。人工照明的安装，需要在今后的文物保护中慎重考虑。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12866-023-02887-w获得。
The microbial colonization on ancient murals attracts more and more attention since the threaten by microorganisms was first reported in Lascaux, Spain. However, the biodeterioration or biodegradation of mural paintings resulted by microorganisms is not clear yet. Especially the biological function of microbial communities in different conditions remained largely unaddressed. The two mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty are the largest group of emperor mausoleums during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China, which are of great significance to the study of the architecture, imperial mausoleum systems and art in the Tang and Song Dynasties. To make clear the species composition and metabolic functions of different microbial communities (MID and BK), we analyzed the samples from the wall paintings in one of the two mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty with metagenomics method. The result showed totally 55 phyla and 1729 genera were detected in the mural paintings. The two microbial community structure were similar with the dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. However, the species abundance presented a significant difference between two communities at genus level --- MID is Lysobacter, Luteimonas are predominant in MID while Sphingomonas and Streptomyces are popular in BK, which is partially attributed to the different substrate materials of murals. As a result, the two communities presented the different metabolic patterns that MID community was mainly participated in the formation of biofilm as well as the degradation of exogenous pollutants while the BK was predominantly related to the photosynthesis process and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Taken together, these findings indicated the effect of environmental factor on the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of the microbial populations. The installation of artificial lighting needs to be considered carefully in the future protection of cultural relics. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-023-02887-w.
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