Optimizing Decision-Making Processes in Times of COVID-19: Using Reflexivity to Counteract Information-Processing Failures.
Optimizing Decision-Making Processes in Times of COVID-19: Using Reflexivity to Counteract Information-Processing Failures.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.650525
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rus DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schippers MC;Rus DC
决策者在危机时期决策的有效性在很大程度上取决于他们整合和理解信息的能力。COVID-19危机使各国政府面临为公众健康和安全利益作出决策的艰巨任务。从本质上讲，政策制定者必须对威胁作出反应，而这种威胁的程度是未知的，而且他们是在时间有限的情况下在巨大的不确定性中做出决定的。风险很高，涉及的问题很复杂，需要仔细平衡几个利益，包括（精神）健康，经济和人权。这些情况使决策者的决策过程在处理信息时容易出现错误和偏见，从而增加了决策过程出错而产生不良结果的可能性。先前的研究已经确定了三个主要的信息处理失败，可以扭曲群体决策过程，并可能导致负面结果：（1）未能搜索和共享信息，（2）未能详细说明和分析与先前信息不一致的信息，（3）未能根据新信息修改和更新结论和政策。迄今为止，尚未探讨这些信息处理失败背后的错误和偏见如何影响危机时期的决策过程。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们概述了群体思维、狭隘地关注遏制病毒问题以及承诺的升级如何可能对处理COVID-19危机的决策过程构成真实的风险，并可能导致广泛的社会损害。因此，决策者必须采取措施，最大限度地提高决策过程的质量，并随着危机的发展增加取得积极成果的机会。我们提出群体自反性--一种讨论团队目标、过程或结果的深思熟虑的过程--作为决策中这些偏见和错误的解毒剂。具体来说，我们推荐了几种基于证据的自反性工具，这些工具可以很容易地实现，以对抗这些信息处理错误，并在不确定的时期改善决策过程。
The effectiveness of policymakers’ decision-making in times of crisis depends largely on their ability to integrate and make sense of information. The COVID-19 crisis confronts governments with the difficult task of making decisions in the interest of public health and safety. Essentially, policymakers have to react to a threat, of which the extent is unknown, and they are making decisions under time constraints in the midst of immense uncertainty. The stakes are high, the issues involved are complex and require the careful balancing of several interests, including (mental) health, the economy, and human rights. These circumstances render policymakers’ decision-making processes vulnerable to errors and biases in the processing of information, thereby increasing the chances of faulty decision-making processes with poor outcomes. Prior research has identified three main information-processing failures that can distort group decision-making processes and can lead to negative outcomes: (1) failure to search for and share information, (2) failure to elaborate on and analyze information that is not in line with earlier information and (3) failure to revise and update conclusions and policies in the light of new information. To date, it has not yet been explored how errors and biases underlying these information-processing failures impact decision-making processes in times of crisis. In this narrative review, we outline how groupthink, a narrow focus on the problem of containing the virus, and escalation of commitment may pose real risks to decision-making processes in handling the COVID-19 crisis and may result in widespread societal damages. Hence, it is vital that policymakers take steps to maximize the quality of the decision-making process and increase the chances of positive outcomes as the crisis goes forward. We propose group reflexivity—a deliberate process of discussing team goals, processes, or outcomes—as an antidote to these biases and errors in decision-making. Specifically, we recommend several evidence-based reflexivity tools that could easily be implemented to counter these information-processing errors and improve decision-making processes in uncertain times.
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DOI：
10.23750/abm.v91i2.9619
发表时间：
2020-05-11
期刊：
Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis
影响因子：
--
作者：
Amerio A;Bianchi D;Santi F;Costantini L;Odone A;Signorelli C;Costanza A;Serafini G;Amore M;Aguglia A
通讯作者：
Aguglia A
影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Buckner JD;Abarno CN;Lewis EM;Zvolensky MJ;Garey L
通讯作者：
Garey L
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Chernozhukov V;Kasahara H;Schrimpf P
通讯作者：
Schrimpf P
DOI：
10.1037/tra0000646
发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Buttell, Frederick;Ferreira, Regardt J.
通讯作者：
Ferreira, Regardt J.
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Buonanno, G.;Morawska, L.;Stabile, L.
通讯作者：
Stabile, L.