Case study of ecstatic meditation: fMRI and EEG evidence of self-stimulating a reward system.
Case study of ecstatic meditation: fMRI and EEG evidence of self-stimulating a reward system.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/653572
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Cramer SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hagerty MR;Isaacs J;Brasington L;Shupe L;Fetz EE;Cramer SC
我们报告了第一个在称为jhanas的狂喜冥想期间的神经记录，并测试大脑奖励系统是否在报告的喜悦中发挥作用。禅是意识的改变状态（ASC），暗示基于主观报告的主要大脑变化：（1）外部意识暗淡，（2）内部语言消失，（3）个人界限的感觉改变，（4）注意力高度集中在冥想的对象上，（5）快乐增加到高水平。一位经验丰富的冥想者的功能性磁共振成像和脑电图结果显示，大脑11个区域的活动发生了变化，这些变化与主观报告有关，这些变化在进入禅那之后立即发生。特别是，极度的快乐不仅与皮质过程的激活有关，而且与多巴胺/阿片类物质奖励系统中的丘脑核（NAc）的激活有关。我们测试了三种机制，通过这些机制，受试者可能会通过外部手段刺激自己的奖励系统，并拒绝这三种机制。总的来说，这些结果表明了一种明显新颖的方法，即只使用受过高度训练的受试者的内部心理过程来自我刺激大脑奖励系统。
We report the first neural recording during ecstatic meditations called jhanas and test whether a brain reward system plays a role in the joy reported. Jhanas are Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) that imply major brain changes based on subjective reports: (1) external awareness dims, (2) internal verbalizations fade, (3) the sense of personal boundaries is altered, (4) attention is highly focused on the object of meditation, and (5) joy increases to high levels. The fMRI and EEG results from an experienced meditator show changes in brain activity in 11 regions shown to be associated with the subjective reports, and these changes occur promptly after jhana is entered. In particular, the extreme joy is associated not only with activation of cortical processes but also with activation of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the dopamine/opioid reward system. We test three mechanisms by which the subject might stimulate his own reward system by external means and reject all three. Taken together, these results demonstrate an apparently novel method of self-stimulating a brain reward system using only internal mental processes in a highly trained subject.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
Knecht, S;Flöel, A;Pascual-Leone, A
通讯作者：
Pascual-Leone, A
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Cramer, SC;Weisskoff, RM;Rosen, BR
通讯作者：
Rosen, BR
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0407401101
发表时间：
2004-11-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Lutz, A;Greischar, LL;Davidson, RJ
通讯作者：
Davidson, RJ
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Kalivas, PW;Volkow, ND
通讯作者：
Volkow, ND
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Lutz, Antoine;Brefczynski-Lewis, Julie;Johnstone, Tom;Davidson, Richard J.
通讯作者：
Davidson, Richard J.