The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats.
The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0011842
复制
发表时间：
2010-08-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Voultsiadou E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coll M;Piroddi C;Steenbeek J;Kaschner K;Ben Rais Lasram F;Aguzzi J;Ballesteros E;Bianchi CN;Corbera J;Dailianis T;Danovaro R;Estrada M;Froglia C;Galil BS;Gasol JM;Gertwagen R;Gil J;Guilhaumon F;Kesner-Reyes K;Kitsos MS;Koukouras A;Lampadariou N;Laxamana E;López-Fé de la Cuadra CM;Lotze HK;Martin D;Mouillot D;Oro D;Raicevich S;Rius-Barile J;Saiz-Salinas JI;San Vicente C;Somot S;Templado J;Turon X;Vafidis D;Villanueva R;Voultsiadou E
地中海是海洋生物多样性的热点。在这里，我们结合了广泛的文献分析与专家的意见，更新公开的估计主要类群在这个海洋生态系统，并修订和更新几个物种名单。我们还评估了物种多样性的总体空间和时间模式，并确定了主要的变化和威胁。我们的研究结果列出了大约17，000种地中海海洋物种。然而，我们对海洋多样性的估计仍然是不完整的，因为将来会增加尚未描述的物种。微生物的多样性被大大低估，深海地区以及南部和东部地区的部分地区仍然知之甚少。此外，外来物种的入侵是一个至关重要的因素，将继续改变地中海的生物多样性，主要是在其东部盆地，由于地中海变暖，生物多样性可能迅速向北和向西蔓延。空间格局显示，生物多样性从西北部到东南部地区的生产梯度，与一些例外和谨慎，由于我们的知识差距的生物群沿着南部和东部边缘的普遍下降。沿海地区和大陆架的生物多样性也普遍较高，并随着深度的增加而减少。时间趋势表明，过度开发和生境丧失是生物多样性历史变化的主要人为驱动因素。目前，生境丧失和退化，其次是捕捞影响、污染、气候变化、富营养化和外来物种的定居，是最重要的威胁，影响到最多的分类群体。所有这些影响，特别是气候变化和生境退化，预计在未来将变得越来越重要。热点的空间确定突出了大多数西地中海大陆架（特别是直布罗陀海峡和邻近的阿尔沃兰海）、西非海岸、亚得里亚海和爱琴海的生态重要性，这些地区显示出濒危、受威胁或易受伤害物种的高度集中。黎凡特盆地受到物种入侵的严重影响，也濒临灭绝。本摘要已翻译成其他语言（文件S1）。
The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Here we combined an extensive literature analysis with expert opinions to update publicly available estimates of major taxa in this marine ecosystem and to revise and update several species lists. We also assessed overall spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity and identified major changes and threats. Our results listed approximately 17,000 marine species occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. However, our estimates of marine diversity are still incomplete as yet—undescribed species will be added in the future. Diversity for microbes is substantially underestimated, and the deep-sea areas and portions of the southern and eastern region are still poorly known. In addition, the invasion of alien species is a crucial factor that will continue to change the biodiversity of the Mediterranean, mainly in its eastern basin that can spread rapidly northwards and westwards due to the warming of the Mediterranean Sea. Spatial patterns showed a general decrease in biodiversity from northwestern to southeastern regions following a gradient of production, with some exceptions and caution due to gaps in our knowledge of the biota along the southern and eastern rims. Biodiversity was also generally higher in coastal areas and continental shelves, and decreases with depth. Temporal trends indicated that overexploitation and habitat loss have been the main human drivers of historical changes in biodiversity. At present, habitat loss and degradation, followed by fishing impacts, pollution, climate change, eutrophication, and the establishment of alien species are the most important threats and affect the greatest number of taxonomic groups. All these impacts are expected to grow in importance in the future, especially climate change and habitat degradation. The spatial identification of hot spots highlighted the ecological importance of most of the western Mediterranean shelves (and in particular, the Strait of Gibraltar and the adjacent Alboran Sea), western African coast, the Adriatic, and the Aegean Sea, which show high concentrations of endangered, threatened, or vulnerable species. The Levantine Basin, severely impacted by the invasion of species, is endangered as well. This abstract has been translated to other languages (File S1).
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Abelló, P;Carbonell, A;Torres, P
通讯作者：
Torres, P
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Alonso-Saez, Laura;Balague, Vanessa;Gasol, Josep M.
通讯作者：
Gasol, Josep M.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Alongi, Giuseppina;Cormaci, Mario;Furnari, Giovanni
通讯作者：
Furnari, Giovanni
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Amato, Alberto;Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.;Montresor, Marina
通讯作者：
Montresor, Marina
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Acinas, SG;Klepac-Ceraj, V;Polz, MF
通讯作者：
Polz, MF