The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order
The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order
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肤色悖论与美国种族秩序
DOI：
10.1093/sf/86.2.643
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Vesla M. Weaver
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hochschild;Vesla M. Weaver
在美国，与肤色较浅的黑人相比，深肤色的黑人社会经济地位较低，与刑事司法系统的关系更有惩罚性，声望较低，当选公职的可能性更小。这种“肤色歧视”现象既发生在非裔美国人社区内部，也由外界表达出来，大多数黑人都意识到了这一点。然而，黑人对歧视的看法、认为他们的命运与自己的种族息息相关的信念，或对自己种族的依恋，几乎从未因肤色而有所不同。我们将这种待遇和政治态度之间的差异称为“肤色悖论”，并以此为窗口，了解过去半个世纪以来美国的种族政治。通过全国调查，我们解释了肤色悖论如下：黑人对种族身份的承诺压倒了肤色歧视具有政治意义的可能性。也就是说，因为大多数黑人把反对种族等级制度的斗争看作是要求他们效忠的首要任务，他们没有看到，也没有选择表达对肤色内部等级制度的关注。因此，深肤色黑人普遍遭受伤害的经历没有政治出路——这就产生了肤色悖论。文章最后提出了肤色悖论到底值得关注多少问题。在没有完全解决这个问题的情况下，我们注意到，旨在解决种族等级问题的政策无助于解决黑人人口中的肤色等级问题，甚至可能使其恶化。
Dark-skinned blacks in the United States have lower socioeconomic status, more punitive relationships with the criminal justice system, diminished prestige, and less likelihood of holding elective office compared with their lighter counterparts. This phenomenon of "colorism" both occurs within the African American community and is expressed by outsiders, and most blacks are aware of it. Nevertheless, blacks' perceptions of discrimination, belief that their fates are linked, or attachment to their race almost never vary by skin color. We identify this disparity between treatment and political attitudes as "the skin color paradox," and use it as a window into the politics of race in the United States over the past half-century. Using national surveys, we explain the skin color paradox as follows: Blacks' commitment to racial identity overrides the potential for skin color discrimination to have political significance. That is, because most blacks see the fight against racial hierarchy as requiring their primary allegiance, they do not see or do not choose to express concern about the internal hierarchy of skin tone. Thus dark-skinned blacks' widespread experience of harm has no political outlet – which generates the skin color paradox. The article concludes by asking how much concern the skin color paradox really warrants. Without fully resolving that question, we note that policies designed to solve the problem of racial hierarchy are not helpful to and may even make worse the problem of skin color hierarchy within the black population.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Blair, IV;Judd, CM;Jenkins, C
通讯作者：
Jenkins, C