Host-to-host airborne transmission as a multiphase flow problem for science-based social distance guidelines
Host-to-host airborne transmission as a multiphase flow problem for science-based social distance guidelines
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103439
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发表时间：
2020-09-04
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bourouiba L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balachandar S;Zaleski S;Soldati A;Ahmadi G;Bourouiba L
2019冠状病毒病大流行突出地表明，在人传人的背景下，发展与载有病原体的飞沫的产生、运输和吸入以及其随后可能作为空气传播颗粒或气溶胶的命运相关的基础知识是多么重要。空气传播是该疾病迅速传播的一个重要因素，这一点也越来越清楚。在本文中，我们讨论的过程中，通过呼气液滴生成，其潜在的转化成空气中的颗粒蒸发，运输长距离的呼出的烟雾和周围的空气湍流，并最终吸入接收主机作为相互关联的多相流过程。本文在对相关物理过程进行理论分析的基础上，提出了一个简单的液滴/气溶胶浓度随时间变化的模型。建模框架沿着详细的实验和模拟可用于研究涉及呼吸、说话、咳嗽和打喷嚏以及在许多环境条件（如潮湿或干燥大气、封闭或开放环境）下的各种场景。尽管在病毒的蒸发和持久性耦合的物理学方面仍存在一些问题，但很明显，通过对病毒传播的基本流动物理学的更可靠理解，可以为设计特定病例的社交距离和感染控制指南的改进方法奠定基础。
The COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly demonstrated how important it is to develop fundamental knowledge related to the generation, transport and inhalation of pathogen-laden droplets and their subsequent possible fate as airborne particles, or aerosols, in the context of human to human transmission. It is also increasingly clear that airborne transmission is an important contributor to rapid spreading of the disease. In this paper, we discuss the processes of droplet generation by exhalation, their potential transformation into airborne particles by evaporation, transport over long distances by the exhaled puff and by ambient air turbulence, and their final inhalation by the receiving host as interconnected multiphase flow processes. A simple model for the time evolution of droplet/aerosol concentration is presented based on a theoretical analysis of the relevant physical processes. The modeling framework along with detailed experiments and simulations can be used to study a wide variety of scenarios involving breathing, talking, coughing and sneezing and in a number of environmental conditions, as humid or dry atmosphere, confined or open environment. Although a number of questions remain open on the physics of evaporation and coupling with persistence of the virus, it is clear that with a more reliable understanding of the underlying flow physics of virus transmission one can set the foundation for an improved methodology in designing case-specific social distancing and infection control guidelines.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bourouiba, Lydia;Dehandschoewercker, Eline;Bush, John W. M.
通讯作者：
Bush, John W. M.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Balazy, A;Toivola, M;Grinshpun, SA
通讯作者：
Grinshpun, SA
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
de Rivas, A.;Villermaux, E.
通讯作者：
Villermaux, E.
DOI：
10.1002/qj.49712455212
发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
De Haan, P;Rotach, MW
通讯作者：
Rotach, MW
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Almstrand, Ann-Charlotte;Bake, Bjorn;Olin, Anna-Carin
通讯作者：
Olin, Anna-Carin