Beyond greenspace: an ecological study of population general health and indicators of natural environment type and quality.
Beyond greenspace: an ecological study of population general health and indicators of natural environment type and quality.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12942-015-0009-5
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发表时间：
2015-04-30
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Depledge MH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wheeler BW;Lovell R;Higgins SL;White MP;Alcock I;Osborne NJ;Husk K;Sabel CE;Depledge MH
许多研究表明，接触自然环境（“绿色空间”）可以增强人类健康和福祉。益处可能通过几种机制产生，包括减轻压力，身体活动的机会和动机，以及减少空气污染暴露。然而，证据是混合的，有时是不确定的。一种解释可能是，"绿色空间"通常被视为一种同质环境类型。然而，最近的研究表明，不同类型和质量的自然环境可能会在不同程度上影响健康和福祉。这项生态研究探讨了这一问题，进一步利用土地覆盖类型，鸟类物种丰富度，水质和保护或指定状态的数据，以创建小面积的环境指标在英国。使用线性回归模型评估了这些指标与2011年人口普查中健康状况良好和不良的年龄/性别标准化流行率之间的关联。模型进行了调整的社会经济剥夺和农村的指标，并调查这些背景特征的影响修改。在调整潜在的混杂因素后，观察到良好的健康患病率和绿地类型，“阔叶林”，“耕地和园艺”，“改良草地”，“咸水”和“沿海”的密度之间的正相关。相反的关联与不良的健康患病率观察到相同的绿地类型，与“咸水”除外。土地覆盖多样性和密度的保护/指定地区也与良好和不良的健康预测的方式。鸟类物种丰富度（当地生物多样性的一个指标）只与良好的健康状况有关。地表水质量，一般当地环境条件的指标，与良好和不良的健康流行与预期的方式相反，与较好的人口健康相关的水质较差。观察到的影响修改收入剥夺和城市/农村地位的几个指标。研究结果表明，在评估绿色空间与人类健康和福祉之间的关系时，应考虑“绿色空间”的类型、质量和背景。有机会进一步整合生态系统服务和公共卫生视角的方法，以最大限度地为卫生和环境改善和保护政策提供信息。
Many studies suggest that exposure to natural environments (‘greenspace’) enhances human health and wellbeing. Benefits potentially arise via several mechanisms including stress reduction, opportunity and motivation for physical activity, and reduced air pollution exposure. However, the evidence is mixed and sometimes inconclusive. One explanation may be that “greenspace” is typically treated as a homogenous environment type. However, recent research has revealed that different types and qualities of natural environments may influence health and wellbeing to different extents. This ecological study explores this issue further using data on land cover type, bird species richness, water quality and protected or designated status to create small-area environmental indicators across Great Britain. Associations between these indicators and age/sex standardised prevalence of both good and bad health from the 2011 Census were assessed using linear regression models. Models were adjusted for indicators of socio-economic deprivation and rurality, and also investigated effect modification by these contextual characteristics. Positive associations were observed between good health prevalence and the density of the greenspace types, “broadleaf woodland”, “arable and horticulture”, “improved grassland”, “saltwater” and “coastal”, after adjusting for potential confounders. Inverse associations with bad health prevalence were observed for the same greenspace types, with the exception of “saltwater”. Land cover diversity and density of protected/designated areas were also associated with good and bad health in the predicted manner. Bird species richness (an indicator of local biodiversity) was only associated with good health prevalence. Surface water quality, an indicator of general local environmental condition, was associated with good and bad health prevalence contrary to the manner expected, with poorer water quality associated with better population health. Effect modification by income deprivation and urban/rural status was observed for several of the indicators. The findings indicate that the type, quality and context of ‘greenspace’ should be considered in the assessment of relationships between greenspace and human health and wellbeing. Opportunities exist to further integrate approaches from ecosystem services and public health perspectives to maximise opportunities to inform policies for health and environmental improvement and protection.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Agay-Shay, Keren;Peled, Ammatzia;Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
通讯作者：
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Annerstedt M;Ostergren PO;Björk J;Grahn P;Skärbäck E;Währborg P
通讯作者：
Währborg P
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.11.020
发表时间：
2010-03
期刊：
Social science & medicine (1982)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Coombes E;Jones AP;Hillsdon M
通讯作者：
Hillsdon M
DOI：
10.1068/a35111
发表时间：
2003-10-01
期刊：
ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A
影响因子：
--
作者：
de Vries, S;Verheij, RA;Spreeuwenberg, P
通讯作者：
Spreeuwenberg, P
影响因子：
5
作者：
BRENNER, H;SAVITZ, DA;GREENLAND, S
通讯作者：
GREENLAND, S