Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth.
Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-35260-3
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发表时间：
2018-11-16
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
McMahon MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorman MG;Coleman AL;Briggs R;McWilliams RS;McGonegle D;Bolme CA;Gleason AE;Galtier E;Lee HJ;Granados E;Śliwa M;Sanloup C;Rothman S;Fratanduono DE;Smith RF;Collins GW;Eggert JH;Wark JS;McMahon MI
铋一直是研究高压下相变和熔化的原型系统。尽管几十年的实验研究，但是，铋的晶格级响应快速（冲击）压缩和动态发生的结构之间的关系，在缓慢（静态）压缩过程中观察到的，仍然没有清楚地了解。我们已经确定了冲击压缩Bi到68 GPa的结构响应，使用飞秒X射线衍射，从而揭示了相变序列和状态方程的前所未有的详细的第一次。我们发现，冲击Bi表现出显着偏离平衡行为-不相称的Bi-III相没有观察到，而是一个新的亚稳相，和Bi-V相形成在显着较低的压力相比，静态压缩研究。我们还首次直接测量了冲击液体的结构变化。这些观察揭示了受冲击材料的固相和液相的新行为，并为比较静态和动态数据集的有效性提供了重要见解。
Bismuth has long been a prototypical system for investigating phase transformations and melting at high pressure. Despite decades of experimental study, however, the lattice-level response of Bi to rapid (shock) compression and the relationship between structures occurring dynamically and those observed during slow (static) compression, are still not clearly understood. We have determined the structural response of shock-compressed Bi to 68 GPa using femtosecond X-ray diffraction, thereby revealing the phase transition sequence and equation-of-state in unprecedented detail for the first time. We show that shocked-Bi exhibits a marked departure from equilibrium behavior - the incommensurate Bi-III phase is not observed, but rather a new metastable phase, and the Bi-V phase is formed at significantly lower pressures compared to static compression studies. We also directly measure structural changes in a shocked liquid for the first time. These observations reveal new behaviour in the solid and liquid phases of a shocked material and give important insights into the validity of comparing static and dynamic datasets.
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在解压缩下从结晶固体熔化的亚稳态液体。
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