The catalytic mechanism, metal dependence, substrate specificity, and biodiversity of ribonuclease H.
The catalytic mechanism, metal dependence, substrate specificity, and biodiversity of ribonuclease H.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2022.1034811
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Lu, Zheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pang, Jing;Guo, Qinyu;Lu, Zheng
单磷酸核糖核苷不可避免地被错误地掺入细胞内的DNA基因组中，它们需要被切除以避免染色体不稳定。核糖核酸酶H（RNases H）是特异性水解RNA/DNA杂交体的RNA链或来自含有一段RNA的DNA的RNA部分的酶，因此它们是DNA完整性所必需的。大量的研究已经对RNase H的催化机制有了一个清晰的认识，但有些问题仍然缺乏明确的答案。本文综述了RNase H催化的三种替代模型。双金属模型是普遍的，但三金属模型表明在催化中涉及第三种阳离子。显然，金属依赖性水解的机制比最初想象的更复杂。我们还讨论了RNase H的金属选择，并分析了化学上相似的阳离子如何发挥不同的功能。底物和裂解位点的特异性不同的RNase H，这是详细解释。一个有趣的现象是，生物体具有不同的RNase H组合，这可能为rnh基因在进化过程中如何转移提供重要线索。是否核糖核酸酶H是必不可少的细胞生长，在体内功能的研究中的一个关键问题，也进行了讨论。这篇文章可能有助于理解RNase H的机制，并开发其潜在的有前途的应用。
Ribonucleoside monophosphates are inevitably misincorporated into the DNA genome inside cells, and they need to be excised to avoid chromosome instability. Ribonucleases H (RNases H) are enzymes that specifically hydrolyze the RNA strand of RNA/DNA hybrids or the RNA moiety from DNA containing a stretch of RNA, they therefore are required for DNA integrity. Extensive studies have drawn a mostly clear picture of the mechanisms of RNase H catalysis, but some questions are still lacking definitive answers. This review summarizes three alternative models of RNase H catalysis. The two-metal model is prevalent, but a three-metal model suggests the involvement of a third cation in catalysis. Apparently, the mechanisms underlying metal-dependent hydrolyzation are more complicated than initially thought. We also discuss the metal choices of RNases H and analyze how chemically similar cations function differently. Substrate and cleavage-site specificities vary among RNases H, and this is explicated in detail. An intriguing phenomenon is that organisms have diverse RNase H combinations, which may provide important hints to how rnh genes were transferred during evolution. Whether RNase H is essential for cellular growth, a key question in the study of in vivo functions, is also discussed. This article may aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying RNase H and in developing potentially promising applications of it.
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影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Figiel M;Nowotny M
通讯作者：
Nowotny M
DOI：
10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100462
发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ando T;Jongruja N;Okumura N;Morikawa K;Kanaya S;Takao T
通讯作者：
Takao T
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Fukushima, Sanae;Itaya, Mitsuhiro;Yoshikawa, Hirofumi
通讯作者：
Yoshikawa, Hirofumi
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Goedken, ER;Marqusee, S
通讯作者：
Marqusee, S
DOI：
10.1006/bbrc.2001.5523
发表时间：
2001-09-07
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Chai, Q;Qiu, J;Shen, BH
通讯作者：
Shen, BH