Permeability of carbonate fault rocks: a case study from Malta

Permeability of carbonate fault rocks: a case study from Malta
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碳酸盐断层岩的渗透率:马耳他的案例研究

DOI:
10.1144/petgeo2019-055
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Cooke A
Cooke A
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cooke A

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碳酸盐岩固有的非均匀性表明,碳酸盐岩承载的断裂带也可能是非均匀的。再加上缺乏主机故障岩石物理关系,这使得碳酸盐岩托管断层带的水力行为难以预测。在这里,我们调查的主岩和断层岩石的孔隙度,渗透率和纹理之间的联系,从一系列的主岩,损害区和断层岩石样品正常断层,浅埋石灰岩从马耳他提供的数据。岩心塞X射线层析成像表明,结构不均匀的寄主岩石导致断层岩石的孔隙度和渗透率的变化更大。从中到高孔隙度(>20%)地层中衍生的断层岩的渗透率相对于主体降低了6个数量级;这些断层岩中的>30%可能会在生产时间尺度上成为流体流动的挡板或障碍。由低孔隙度(<20%)藻类碎屑岩形成的断层岩的渗透率比其寄主低三个数量级,这不太可能影响生产时间尺度上的流体流动。断层岩渗透率的变化受多种因素控制,包括初始寄主岩石结构和孔隙度、应变局部化的大小以及变形后成岩蚀变的程度。断层位移对断层岩石渗透率没有明显的控制作用。该结果可以更好地预测类似岩石类型和构造体制的断层岩渗透率。这可能使跨断层流体流动潜力的预测时,结合断裂带结构的数据。
The inherent heterogeneity of carbonate rocks suggests that carbonate-hosted fault zones are also likely to be heterogeneous. Coupled with a lack of host–fault petrophysical relationships, this makes the hydraulic behaviour of carbonate-hosted fault zones difficult to predict. Here we investigate the link between host rock and fault rock porosity, permeability and texture, by presenting data from series of host rock, damage zone and fault rock samples from normally faulted, shallowly buried limestones from Malta. Core plug X-ray tomography indicates that texturally heterogeneous host rocks lead to greater variability in the porosity and permeability of fault rocks. Fault rocks derived from moderate- to high-porosity (>20%) formations experience permeability reductions of up to six orders of magnitude relative to the host; >30% of these fault rocks could act as baffles or barriers to fluid flow over production timescales. Fault rocks derived from lower-porosity (<20%) algal packstones have permeabilities that are lower than their hosts by up to three orders of magnitude, which is unlikely to impact fluid flow on production timescales. The variability of fault rock permeability is controlled by a number of factors, including the initial host rock texture and porosity, the magnitude of strain localization, and the extent of post-deformation diagenetic alteration. Fault displacement has no obvious control over fault rock permeability. The results enable better predictions of fault rock permeability in similar lithotypes and tectonic regimes. This may enable predictions of across-fault fluid flow potential when combined with data on fault zone architecture.
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