Intense habitat-specific fisheries-induced selection at the molecular Pan I locus predicts imminent collapse of a major cod fishery.
Intense habitat-specific fisheries-induced selection at the molecular Pan I locus predicts imminent collapse of a major cod fishery.
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分子锅I基因座的强烈栖息地特异性渔业诱导的选择预测了主要的鳕鱼渔业的即将崩溃。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0005529
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发表时间：
2009-05-27
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kristinsson K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnason E;Hernandez UB;Kristinsson K
捕食是捕食者和被捕食者生态学和进化中的一个重要因素。猎物可以选择多种生境，不同的基因型偏好不同的生境。如果捕食者也是栖息地特定的猎物可能会演变不同的栖息地占用。掠食者与进化后的猎物之间的关系可能发生剧烈的变化。渔业具有强大的捕食能力，可以成为一种强大的进化力量。渔业诱导的选择可导致影响渔业崩溃和恢复的表型变化。然而，所涉及的表型性状的遗传力和选择强度是低的，这表明在十年的时间尺度上，蜜蜂诱导的进化发生在中等速度。Pantophysin I（潘我）在大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua），代表一个古老的平衡多态性早分裂的鳕鱼和它的姐妹物种的轨迹，是下一个不寻常的混合平衡和定向选择，包括当前的选择性扫描。在这里，我们表明，泛I等位基因与深度高度相关，每米0.44%的等位基因频率变化的梯度。AA鱼浅水和BB深水适应根据行为研究，使用数据存储标签显示栖息地选择潘我基因型。AB鱼有点中间，但更接近AA。此外，使用涵盖空间和时间的抽样设计，我们检测到强烈的栖息地特定的鱼类诱导的选择对浅水适应的鱼类，平均每年8%的等位基因频率的变化在一年类。基因型适合度估计值（AA，AB和BB分别为0.08，0.27，1.00）预测浅水适应鱼类的快速消失。因此，生态和进化的时间尺度是一致的。我们假设渔业可能会崩溃。我们发现，概率成熟反应规范大西洋鳕鱼在冰岛显示下降的长度和年龄在成熟的变化之前，北方鳕鱼在纽芬兰省的崩溃，进一步支持这一假设。我们推测，立即建立大型禁捕区可能有助于避免崩溃。
Predation is a powerful agent in the ecology and evolution of predator and prey. Prey may select multiple habitats whereby different genotypes prefer different habitats. If the predator is also habitat-specific the prey may evolve different habitat occupancy. Drastic changes can occur in the relation of the predator to the evolved prey. Fisheries exert powerful predation and can be a potent evolutionary force. Fisheries-induced selection can lead to phenotypic changes that influence the collapse and recovery of the fishery. However, heritability of the phenotypic traits involved and selection intensities are low suggesting that fisheries-induced evolution occurs at moderate rates at decadal time scales. The Pantophysin I (Pan I) locus in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), representing an ancient balanced polymorphism predating the split of cod and its sister species, is under an unusual mix of balancing and directional selection including current selective sweeps. Here we show that Pan I alleles are highly correlated with depth with a gradient of 0.44% allele frequency change per meter. AA fish are shallow-water and BB deep-water adapted in accordance with behavioral studies using data storage tags showing habitat selection by Pan I genotype. AB fish are somewhat intermediate although closer to AA. Furthermore, using a sampling design covering space and time we detect intense habitat-specific fisheries-induced selection against the shallow-water adapted fish with an average 8% allele frequency change per year within year class. Genotypic fitness estimates (0.08, 0.27, 1.00 of AA, AB, and BB respectively) predict rapid disappearance of shallow-water adapted fish. Ecological and evolutionary time scales, therefore, are congruent. We hypothesize a potential collapse of the fishery. We find that probabilistic maturation reaction norms for Atlantic cod at Iceland show declining length and age at maturing comparable to changes that preceded the collapse of northern cod at Newfoundland, further supporting the hypothesis. We speculate that immediate establishment of large no-take reserves may help avert collapse.
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