Distinctive expansion of potential virulence genes in the genome of the oomycete fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica.
Distinctive expansion of potential virulence genes in the genome of the oomycete fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003272
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发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
van West P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang RH;de Bruijn I;Haas BJ;Belmonte R;Löbach L;Christie J;van den Ackerveken G;Bottin A;Bulone V;Díaz-Moreno SM;Dumas B;Fan L;Gaulin E;Govers F;Grenville-Briggs LJ;Horner NR;Levin JZ;Mammella M;Meijer HJ;Morris P;Nusbaum C;Oome S;Phillips AJ;van Rooyen D;Rzeszutek E;Saraiva M;Secombes CJ;Seidl MF;Snel B;Stassen JH;Sykes S;Tripathy S;van den Berg H;Vega-Arreguin JC;Wawra S;Young SK;Zeng Q;Dieguez-Uribeondo J;Russ C;Tyler BM;van West P
真核生物界的水霉纲卵菌是两栖类、甲壳类、鱼类和昆虫的重要病原菌，对水产养殖和水生生态系统造成了重大损失。我们对淡水鱼病原体寄生水霉的63 Mb基因组进行了测序。约1/3的组装基因组表现出杂合性丢失，表明揭示新变异的有效机制。比较S。寄生虫与植物病原性卵菌的关系表明，在进化过程中，宿主细胞环境驱动了植物和动物病原体基因组中基因扩增和丢失的独特模式。S.寄生虫具有真核生物中最大的蛋白酶库之一（270），如从RNA-Seq数据确定的，所述蛋白酶在感染期间的不同点以波的形式部署。与此相反，尽管能够生活saprotrophically，寄生已导致无机氮和硫同化途径的损失，惊人的类似于专性植物病原性卵菌和真菌的损失。作为植物病原卵菌（如疫霉属）标志的大基因家族似乎在S.寄生虫，包括那些编码RXLR效应子，Crinkler's，和坏死诱导样蛋白（NLP）。S.寄生菌还具有543种激酶的非常大的激酶组，其中10%在感染时被诱导。此外，S.寄生菌S. parasitica编码动物或动物病原体特有的基因，包括去整合素和半乳糖结合凝集素，这些基因的表达和进化起源暗示了寄生菌S. parasitica致病性进化中的水平基因转移。寄生虫。鱼类是全球日益重要的动物蛋白质来源，水产养殖产量在过去十年中急剧上升。水霉属是一种真菌样卵菌，也是最具破坏性的鱼类病原体之一，每年给水产养殖业造成数百万美元的损失。水霉也与世界范围内野生鱼类和两栖动物数量的减少有关。在这里，我们描述了第一个动物病原卵菌的基因组序列，并与现有的植物病原卵菌的基因组内容进行比较。我们发现，水霉缺乏植物病原卵菌的标志性的大型效应家族，表现出对宿主的进化适应。此外，水霉还含有致病相关基因，这些基因是通过从宿主和其他动物病原体的横向基因转移而获得的。逆转录转座子LINE家族似乎也是从动物谱系中获得的。通过转录组分析，我们显示了很高的等位基因变异率，这揭示了快速进化的基因和潜在的适应性进化机制，再加上动物宿主施加的选择压力。基因组和转录组数据，以及随后的生化分析，为我们在分子和细胞水平上了解水霉属的疾病过程提供了见解，为我们提供了可持续控制水霉属的目标。
Oomycetes in the class Saprolegniomycetidae of the Eukaryotic kingdom Stramenopila have evolved as severe pathogens of amphibians, crustaceans, fish and insects, resulting in major losses in aquaculture and damage to aquatic ecosystems. We have sequenced the 63 Mb genome of the fresh water fish pathogen, Saprolegnia parasitica. Approximately 1/3 of the assembled genome exhibits loss of heterozygosity, indicating an efficient mechanism for revealing new variation. Comparison of S. parasitica with plant pathogenic oomycetes suggests that during evolution the host cellular environment has driven distinct patterns of gene expansion and loss in the genomes of plant and animal pathogens. S. parasitica possesses one of the largest repertoires of proteases (270) among eukaryotes that are deployed in waves at different points during infection as determined from RNA-Seq data. In contrast, despite being capable of living saprotrophically, parasitism has led to loss of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, strikingly similar to losses in obligate plant pathogenic oomycetes and fungi. The large gene families that are hallmarks of plant pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora appear to be lacking in S. parasitica, including those encoding RXLR effectors, Crinkler's, and Necrosis Inducing-Like Proteins (NLP). S. parasitica also has a very large kinome of 543 kinases, 10% of which is induced upon infection. Moreover, S. parasitica encodes several genes typical of animals or animal-pathogens and lacking from other oomycetes, including disintegrins and galactose-binding lectins, whose expression and evolutionary origins implicate horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of animal pathogenesis in S. parasitica. Fish are an increasingly important source of animal protein globally, with aquaculture production rising dramatically over the past decade. Saprolegnia is a fungal-like oomycete and one of the most destructive fish pathogens, causing millions of dollars in losses to the aquaculture industry annually. Saprolegnia has also been linked to a worldwide decline in wild fish and amphibian populations. Here we describe the genome sequence of the first animal pathogenic oomycete and compare the genome content with the available plant pathogenic oomycetes. We found that Saprolegnia lacks the large effector families that are hallmarks of plant pathogenic oomycetes, showing evolutionary adaptation to the host. Moreover, Saprolegnia harbors pathogenesis-related genes that were derived by lateral gene transfer from the host and other animal pathogens. The retrotransposon LINE family also appears to be acquired from animal lineages. By transcriptome analysis we show a high rate of allelic variation, which reveals rapidly evolving genes and potentially adaptive evolutionary mechanisms coupled to selective pressures exerted by the animal host. The genome and transcriptome data, as well as subsequent biochemical analyses, provided us with insight in the disease process of Saprolegnia at a molecular and cellular level, providing us with targets for sustainable control of Saprolegnia.
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影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Dou, Daolong;Kale, Shiv D.;Tyler, Brett M.
通讯作者：
Tyler, Brett M.
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Fisher S;Barry A;Abreu J;Minie B;Nolan J;Delorey TM;Young G;Fennell TJ;Allen A;Ambrogio L;Berlin AM;Blumenstiel B;Cibulskis K;Friedrich D;Johnson R;Juhn F;Reilly B;Shammas R;Stalker J;Sykes SM;Thompson J;Walsh J;Zimmer A;Zwirko Z;Gabriel S;Nicol R;Nusbaum C
通讯作者：
Nusbaum C
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Gaulin E;Madoui MA;Bottin A;Jacquet C;Mathé C;Couloux A;Wincker P;Dumas B
通讯作者：
Dumas B
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Huitema, E;Vleeshouwers, VGAA;Govers, F
通讯作者：
Govers, F