Geoarchaeological investigations of a prominent quay wall in ancient Corcyra – Implications for harbour development, palaeoenvironmental changes and tectonic geomorphology of Corfu Island (Ionian Islands, Greece)
Geoarchaeological investigations of a prominent quay wall in ancient Corcyra – Implications for harbour development, palaeoenvironmental changes and tectonic geomorphology of Corfu Island (Ionian Islands, Greece)
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古代科西拉突出码头墙的地质考古调查 â 对科孚岛（希腊爱奥尼亚群岛）港口发展、古环境变化和构造地貌的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2017.05.013
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Hadler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finkler;Rigakou;Metallinou;Fischer;Hadler
在古代，海港城市科西拉（Corcyra，今科孚岛）是地中海地区的一个主要海军强国，拥有多个港口，可容纳一支规模可观的舰队。今天，这些港口全部或部分被淤塞，并被现代城市基础设施所掩盖。在安塔利亚半岛的东北边缘进行了全面的地质考古研究，在那里的挖掘揭示了一个巨大的码头墙的考古遗迹（Pierri和Arion遗址）。这些遗迹位于已知的古代港口结构的东部，属于Alkinoos港。我们的研究旨在重建Pierri遗址港口设施的古环境背景，包括分析当地沉积记录，以检测和区分造成环境变化的自然和人为触发因素。在Pierri遗址，我们发现了与突出的码头墙有关的古代港口盆地的地质考古证据。相关的港口沉积物表明，一个受保护的港口是从一个开放的浅海环境中发展起来的，最有可能是通过建造防波堤。利用放射性碳分析和诊断性陶瓷碎片对海港沉积物进行了年代测定。公元前这与考古学上分配给古典和希腊化时期的港口设施的年龄非常一致。Pierri遗址甚至在公元前4世纪之前就可能作为港口设施。在任何情况下，它都受到了地震和相关的海啸事件在古典希腊时代。由于这次事件，港口被抬升并被事件沉积物覆盖，因此不再可用。后来被人为和崩积沉积物掩埋。总体而言，Pierri海岸档案允许确定三个不同的海啸登陆事件，即公元前2483-2400 cal之前（事件I），公元前2483-2400 cal之后和公元前370-214 cal之前（事件II），以及古典希腊时代，最有可能在公元前4世纪和公元前3世纪之间。BC（事件III）。另一次海啸事件（事件IV）可能在该地点是陆地时袭击该地点。海啸事件I-II和候选海啸IV的年龄与希腊西部和意大利南部海岸已知的海啸一致，因此被归类为超区域远程事件。事件III被确定为与当地地震和海啸有关，科孚岛被抬升，同时从西向东倾斜1.74米。
In antiquity, the harbour-city of Corcyra (modern: Corfu) was a prevailing naval power in the Mediterranean and had several harbours to host a considerable fleet. Today, these harbours are totally or partly silted and concealed under modern urban infrastructure. Comprehensive geoarchaeological studies were conducted on the northeastern fringe of the Analipsis Peninsula where excavations have revealed the archaeological remains of a massive quay wall (Pierri and Arion sites). These remains are located east of known ancient harbour structures that belong to the Alkinoos Harbour. Our study aimed to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental setting of the harbour facilities at the Pierri site, including the analysis of the local sedimentary record in order to detect and differentiate natural and man-made triggers that caused environmental shifts. At the Pierri site, we found geoarchaeological evidence for an ancient harbour basin related to the prominent quay wall. Associated harbour sediments indicate a protected harbour which was developed from an open shallow marine environment, most probably by the construction of breakwaters. Harbour deposits were dated using radiocarbon analyses and diagnostic ceramic fragments to the 4thto 3rdcent. BC. This is in good agreement with the age of the harbour installations as such archaeologically assigned to the Classical and Hellenistic period. The Pierri site was possibly in function as a harbour facility even before the 4th cent. BC. In any case, it was strongly hit by an earthquake and associated tsunami event during Classical to Hellenistic times. By this event, the harbour was uplifted and covered by event deposits so that it was not usable any more. It was subsequently buried by anthropogenic and colluvial sediments. Overall, the Pierri coastal archive allowed to identify three distinct tsunami landfall events, namely before 2483–2400 cal BC (event I), after 2483–2400 cal BC and before 370–214 cal BC (event II), and during Classical to Hellenistic times, most probably between the 4thand 3rdcent. BC (event III). Another tsunami event (event IV) potentially hit the site when it was dry land. Ages of tsunami events I–II and candidate tsunami IV are consistent with tsunamis known from the coasts of western Greece and southern Italy and where thus classified as supra-regional tele-events. Event III was identified as associated to a local earthquake and tsunami by which Corfu Island was uplifted and, at the same time, tilted with a vertical offset of 1.74 m from W to E.
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