Inversion invasions: when the genetic basis of local adaptation is concentrated within inversions in the face of gene flow

Inversion invasions: when the genetic basis of local adaptation is concentrated within inversions in the face of gene flow
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倒置入侵:当局部适应的遗传基础集中在面对基因流的倒置时

DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2021.0200
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lotterhos, Katie E.
Lotterhos, Katie E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schaal, Sara M.;Haller, Benjamin C.;Lotterhos, Katie E.

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在许多物种中,倒位与局部适应有关,基因组通常进化为包含多个,在分歧早期出现的大倒位。为什么会出现这种情况,还有待解决。为了解决这个差距,我们建立了前向时间模拟,其中倒位具有灵活的特性,可以入侵一个集合种群进行空间发散选择的高度多基因性状。在我们的模拟中,倒位通常出现在分歧的早期,在突变时捕获常设遗传变异,然后随着时间的推移积累了许多小效应位点。在特殊条件下,倒位也可能在适应后期出现,并捕获局部适应的等位基因。多基因倒位的表现类似于一个单一的超基因的大的影响,并可检测到的基因组扫描。我们的研究结果表明,在实证研究中发现的自适应倒位的特征(例如,多个大的,旧的倒位是FST异常值,有时与其他倒位重叠)是符合一个高度多基因的架构,和倒位不需要包含任何大的影响基因发挥重要作用,在当地的适应。通过结合人口和定量遗传框架,我们的研究结果给出了一个更深入的理解时,遗传结构是多基因的inversion参与适应所需的具体条件。这篇文章是主题问题的一部分“超基因的基因组结构:原因和进化的后果”。
Across many species where inversions have been implicated in local adaptation, genomes often evolve to contain multiple, large inversions that arise early in divergence. Why this occurs has yet to be resolved. To address this gap, we built forward-time simulations in which inversions have flexible characteristics and can invade a metapopulation undergoing spatially divergent selection for a highly polygenic trait. In our simulations, inversions typically arose early in divergence, captured standing genetic variation upon mutation, and then accumulated many small-effect loci over time. Under special conditions, inversions could also arise late in adaptation and capture locally adapted alleles. Polygenic inversions behaved similarly to a single supergene of large effect and were detectable by genome scans. Our results show that characteristics of adaptive inversions found in empirical studies (e.g. multiple large, old inversions that areFSToutliers, sometimes overlapping with other inversions) are consistent with a highly polygenic architecture, and inversions do not need to contain any large-effect genes to play an important role in local adaptation. By combining a population and quantitative genetic framework, our results give a deeper understanding of the specific conditions needed for inversions to be involved in adaptation when the genetic architecture is polygenic.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Genomic architecture of supergenes: causes and evolutionary consequences’.
果蝇的相互适应
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