Treatment of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention: end of the road or new beginning?

Treatment of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention: end of the road or new beginning?
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DOI:
10.1097/01.aids.0000390704.35642.47
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发表时间:
2010-10
期刊:
AIDS (London, England)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wasserheit J
Wasserheit J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hayes R;Watson-Jones D;Celum C;van de Wijgert J;Wasserheit J

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观察和生物学数据提供了令人信服的证据,证明性传播感染在艾滋病毒传播中的重要性,但九项干预试验中只有一项显示了效果。本文回顾了观察性研究,严格审查了9个随机对照试验,评估性传播感染治疗干预措施对艾滋病毒发病率的影响,并讨论了对艾滋病毒预防政策,计划和未来研究的影响。其他阴道感染的作用也简要考虑。总体而言,证据有力地支持性传播感染治疗可预防艾滋病毒感染的概念。然而,试验设计和实施方面的问题,包括艾滋病毒流行阶段、性传播感染患病率、对照组的干预措施和效力,影响了6项可治愈性传播感染治疗试验中的5项。在三项疱疹干预试验中,抑制HSV的抗病毒药物不足以缓解HIV阴性HSV2阳性患者的持续性生殖器炎症,HIV阳性患者的HIV水平降低不足以减少HIV传播。现在是探索如何、何时以及由谁将性传播感染控制作为艾滋病毒预防的一个关键组成部分的新阶段的时候了,这是由基础研究驱动的,以阐明性传播感染和阴道感染促进艾滋病毒传播的机制。从政策的角度来看,治疗可治愈的性传播感染是初级保健的一个重要组成部分,如果有适当的针对性和提供,是一种廉价、简单和有效的干预措施。在性传播感染负担沉重的社区,应将其作为艾滋病毒控制方案的一个重要组成部分加以推广。
Observational and biological data provide compelling evidence of the importance of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in HIV transmission, but only one of nine intervention trials has shown an effect. This article reviews the observational studies, critically examines the nine randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of STI treatment interventions on HIV incidence, and discusses implications for HIV prevention policy, programs and future research. The role of other vaginal infections is also briefly considered. In aggregate, the evidence strongly supports the concept that STI treatment prevents HIV infection. However, issues in trial design and conduct, including HIV epidemic phase, STI prevalence, intervention in comparison groups, and power have affected five of the six trials of treatment of curable STIs. In the three herpes intervention trials, antivirals for HSV suppression were insufficiently potent to alleviate persistent genital inflammation in HIV-negative HSV2-positive persons, and the reduction in HIV levels in HIV-positive persons was insufficient to reduce HIV transmission. It is time for a new phase of exploration of how, when, and in whom to include STI control as a key component of HIV prevention, driven by basic research to elucidate the mechanisms by which STIs and vaginal infections facilitate HIV transmission. From a policy perspective, treatment of curable STIs is an essential part of primary healthcare and is a cheap, simple, and effective intervention when appropriately targeted and delivered. It should be promoted as an essential component of HIV control programs in communities in which the burden of STIs is substantial.
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