The Seismo‐Acoustics of Submarine Volcanic Eruptions
The Seismo‐Acoustics of Submarine Volcanic Eruptions
复制标题
海底火山喷发的地震声学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Dziak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Tepp;R. Dziak
世界上许多火山都隐藏在海洋表面之下，在那里很难观察到喷发。然而，这些喷发产生的地震声信号为识别海底活火山活动提供了有用的手段。一项文献调查显示，自1939年以来，有119次地震声学记录的潜艇喷发。海底喷发在所有主要构造环境中都有记录，有一系列的地球化学性质，也有不同的水深，但报告主要是太平洋的喷发，而且只有几个地点。许多报告几乎没有提供细节，超过一半的观测是从500公里以外的地方进行的，只有大约一半被非地震声学证据证实为喷发。报告的地震-声学信号涵盖了各种各样的过程，包括地震、爆炸、各种类型的震动、与熔岩挤出有关的信号和山体滑坡。记录到的信号有时很难归类或确定与喷发有关，尽管在这方面已经取得了进展。几十年来，对海底喷发的实时监测一直在区域和全球范围内进行，人们对地方网络的兴趣和努力也越来越大。实时网络与短期仪器部署相辅相成，后者往往能更详细地洞察海底喷发的动态和过程。深入的地震声监测和研究加深了我们对海底喷发，特别是深海火山和扩散中心的了解。尽管如此，仍有许多悬而未决的问题需要解决，以便像了解和监测陆地火山那样对海底火山进行更好的了解和监测。
Many of the world’s volcanoes are hidden beneath the ocean’s surface where eruptions are difficult to observe. However, seismo‐acoustic signals produced by these eruptions provide a useful means of identifying active submarine volcanism. A literature survey revealed reports of 119 seismo‐acoustically recorded submarine eruptions since 1939. Submarine eruptions have been recorded in all major tectonic settings, with a range of geochemistries, and at a variety of water depths, but the reports are dominated by eruptions in the Pacific and at only a few locations. Many of the reports offer little detail, with over half of the observations made from distances >500 km, and only about half were confirmed as eruptions by non‐seismo‐acoustic evidence. The reported seismo‐acoustic signals cover a wide variety of processes, including earthquakes, explosions, various types of tremor, signals related to lava extrusion, and landslides. Recorded signals can sometimes be difficult to classify or confidently associate with an eruption, although there has been progress in this regard. Real‐time monitoring of submarine eruptions has been on‐going for several decades on regional and global scales with growing interest and effort in local networks. Real‐time networks are complemented by short‐term instrument deployments that often give more detailed insights into the dynamics and processes of submarine eruptions. Thorough seismo‐acoustic monitoring and study has increased our understanding of submarine eruptions, especially of deep‐sea volcanoes and spreading centers. Despite this, there are still many outstanding questions that need to be addressed for submarine volcanoes to be as well understood and monitored as their terrestrial counterparts.
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