Mechanics of fault reactivation before, during, and after the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount

Mechanics of fault reactivation before, during, and after the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount
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2015 年轴海山喷发之前、期间和之后的断层再活动机制

DOI:
10.1130/g39978.1
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Waldhauser, F.
Waldhauser, F.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Levy, S.;Bohnenstiehl, D.R;Sprinkle, P.;Boettcher, M.S.;Wilcock, W.S.D.;Tolstoy, M.;Waldhauser, F.

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来自海洋观测计划电缆阵列的海底地震和海底压力数据被用来研究轴向海山(美国俄勒冈州近海)内的断层再活动。 2015 年至 2016 年期间发生的微地震位于向外倾斜的环断层系统的部分区域,该断层系统因下方岩浆房的膨胀和紧缩而重新激活。在 2015 年 4 月喷发之前,震源机制显示出正常滑动模式,与火山口底部相对于边缘的差异垂直隆起一致。在喷发期间,地震活动仍然集中在这些向外倾斜的结构上。然而,随着火山口底部的下沉,滑移方向发生了逆转。喷发后,随着火山重新膨胀和火山口底部抬升,这些断层表现出稀疏的地震活动和更加不均匀的滑动模式。监测环断层行为随时间的演变可能可以作为未来喷发预测的指标。
Ocean-bottom seismic and seafloor pressure data from the Ocean Observatories Initiative’s Cabled Array were used to study fault reactivation within Axial Seamount (offshore Oregon, USA). Microearthquakes that occurred during 2015–2016 were located on portions of an outward-dipping ring fault system that was reactivated in response to the inflation and deflation of the underlying magma chamber. Prior to an eruption in April 2015, focal mechanisms showed a pattern of normal slip consistent with the differential vertical uplift of the caldera floor relative to the rim. During the eruption, seismic activity remained localized along these outward-dipping structures; however, the slip direction was reversed as the caldera floor subsided. After the eruption, as the volcano reinflated and the caldera floor uplifted, these faults exhibited sparser seismicity with a more heterogeneous pattern of slip. Monitoring the evolution of ring fault behavior through time may have utility as a metric in future eruption forecasts.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aah5563
发表时间: 2016-12
期刊: Science
影响因子: 56.9
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作者:
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