Practical Synthesis of C-1 Deuterated Aldehydes Enabled by NHC Catalysis.

Practical Synthesis of C-1 Deuterated Aldehydes Enabled by NHC Catalysis.
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NHC催化实现C1氘代醛的实际合成

DOI:
10.1038/s41929-019-0370-z
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
37.8
通讯作者:
Wang W
Wang W
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Geng H;Chen X;Gui J;Zhang Y;Shen Z;Qian P;Chen J;Zhang S;Wang W

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近年来,氘代药剂的应用激增,对有效生成氘代结构单元的合成方法产生了迫切需求。在这里,我们证明N-杂环卡宾(NHC)促进与简单醛的可逆氢-氘交换(HDE)反应,这为合成有价值的C-1氘代醛提供了一种实用方法。已成熟的 NHC 催化从醛形成 Breslow 中间体的反应性经过重新设计,以克服动力学上有利的、不可逆的安息香缩合反应,并实现关键的可逆性,以在使用过量的 D2O 时驱动所需氘化产物的形成。值得注意的是,这种操作简单且具有成本效益的方案是一种通用且真正实用的方法,适用于所有类型的 1-D-醛(包括芳基醛、-烷基醛和-烯基醛),并且能够将化学选择性后期氘掺入复杂的天然治疗剂和天然产物中,在总共 104 种测试底物中,氘掺入水平一致(> 95%)。
The recent surge in applications of deuterated pharmaceutical agents has created an urgent demand for synthetic methods that efficiently generate deuterated building blocks. Here we show that N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) promote a reversible hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDE) reaction with simple aldehydes, which leads to a practical approach to synthetically valuable C-1 deuterated aldehydes. The reactivity of the well-established NHC catalysed formation of Breslow intermediates from aldehydes is reengineered to overcome the overwhelmingly kinetically favorable, irreversible benzoin condensation reaction and achieve the critical reversibility to drive the formation of desired deuterated products when an excess of D2O is employed. Notably, this operationally simple and cost-effective protocol serves as a general and truly practical approach to all types of 1-D-aldehydes including aryl, -alkyl and -alkenyl aldehydes and enables chemoselective late-stage deuterium incorporation into complex, native therapeutic agents and natural products with uniformly high levels (>95%) of deuterium incorporation for a total of 104 substrates tested.
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