Neonatal cerebrovascular autoregulation.

Neonatal cerebrovascular autoregulation.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41390-018-0141-6
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发表时间:
2018-11
期刊:
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Lee JK
Lee JK
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rhee CJ;da Costa CS;Austin T;Brady KM;Czosnyka M;Lee JK

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脑血管压力自动调节是维持脑血流(CBF)在脑灌注压(CPP)变化时相对恒定的生理机制。脑血管反应性是指在动脉血压(ABP)波动期间发生的血管收缩和血管舒张,以维持自身调节。这是大脑的重要保护机制。压力自动调节功能障碍会增加脑损伤和持续性神经功能障碍的风险。在各种新生儿疾病状态期间,包括早产、缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)、脑室内出血、先天性心脏病和需要体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)的婴儿,自身调节可能受损。由于婴儿对脑血流(CBF)的变化非常敏感,因此灌注不足和灌注过度均可导致严重的神经系统损伤。我们将回顾新生儿压力自动调节和自动调节监测技术,重点是脑保护。目前的临床治疗未能完全预防新生儿的永久性脑损伤。支持和优化自动调节的辅助治疗可能会改善神经功能结局。
Cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation is the physiologic mechanism that holds cerebral blood flow (CBF) relatively constant across changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Cerebral vasoreactivity refers to the vasoconstriction and vasodilation that occur during fluctuations in arterial blood pressure (ABP) to maintain autoregulation. These are vital protective mechanisms of the brain. Impairments in pressure autoregulation increase the risk of brain injury and persistent neurologic disability. Autoregulation may be impaired during various neonatal disease states including prematurity, hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), intraventricular hemorrhage, congenital cardiac disease, and infants requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Because infants are exquisitely sensitive to changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), both hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion can cause significant neurologic injury. We will review neonatal pressure autoregulation and autoregulation monitoring techniques with a focus on brain protection. Current clinical therapies have failed to fully prevent permanent brain injuries in neonates. Adjuvant treatments that support and optimize autoregulation may improve neurologic outcomes.
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