Freshwater requirements of large-scale bioenergy plantations for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C

Freshwater requirements of large-scale bioenergy plantations for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C
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将全球变暖限制在 1·5°C 的大型生物能源种植园的淡水需求

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/ab2b4b
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
J. Jägermeyr
J. Jägermeyr
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
F. Stenzel;D. Gerten;C. Werner;J. Jägermeyr

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将全球平均变暖限制在2 °C以下可能需要在世纪内实现大量负排放。为了实现这些目标,可能必须大规模实施生物能源种植园以及随后的碳捕获和储存(BECCS)。灌溉这些种植园可能是增加产量所必需的,这可能会给已经紧张的淡水系统带来进一步的压力。相反,生物能源种植园(BP)的潜力,致力于实现内斯通过CO2同化可能是有限的,在淡水供应量低的地区。本文提供了一个一阶量化的生物物理潜力的BECCS作为一个负排放技术的贡献,以达到1.5 °C升温目标,受相关的水的可用性和要求。使用全球生物圈模型,我们分析了用于BP灌溉的淡水的可用性,这些BP旨在满足预计的内斯以实现1.5 °C的目标,在空间上明确地在未保留用于生态系统保护或农业的区域。我们考虑到农业,工业和家庭的同时用水需求,并考虑到保护水生生态系统所需的环境流量要求(EFR)。此外,我们评估在何种程度上不同形式的改进水管理的建议BP和耕地可能有助于减少淡水的提取。结果表明,全球用于BP灌溉的取水量范围在400至3000 km3yr−1之间,具体取决于情景以及碳捕获和储存过程的转换效率。考虑EFR显着降低了NE潜力,但可以通过改善现场水管理来部分补偿。
Limiting mean global warming to well below 2 °C will probably require substantial negative emissions (NEs) within the 21st century. To achieve these, bioenergy plantations with subsequent carbon capture and storage (BECCS) may have to be implemented at a large scale. Irrigation of these plantations might be necessary to increase the yield, which is likely to put further pressure on already stressed freshwater systems. Conversely, the potential of bioenergy plantations (BPs) dedicated to achieving NEs through CO2assimilation may be limited in regions with low freshwater availability. This paper provides a first-order quantification of the biophysical potentials of BECCS as a negative emission technology contribution to reaching the 1.5 °C warming target, as constrained by associated water availabilities and requirements. Using a global biosphere model, we analyze the availability of freshwater for irrigation of BPs designed to meet the projected NEs to fulfill the 1.5 °C target, spatially explicitly on areas not reserved for ecosystem conservation or agriculture. We take account of the simultaneous water demands for agriculture, industries, and households and also account for environmental flow requirements (EFRs) needed to safeguard aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, we assess to what extent different forms of improved water management on the suggested BPs and on cropland may help to reduce the freshwater abstractions. Results indicate that global water withdrawals for irrigation of BPs range between ∼400 and ∼3000 km3yr−1, depending on the scenario and the conversion efficiency of the carbon capture and storage process. Consideration of EFRs reduces the NE potential significantly, but can partly be compensated for by improved on-field water management.
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