Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand: Correlations and Dependance

Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand: Correlations and Dependance
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新西兰的突然开始和地磁感应电流:相关性和依赖性

DOI:
10.1029/2023sw003731
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发表时间:
2024
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Smith A
Smith A
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith A

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地球地磁场的变化在固体地球中诱发地电场。这些电场驱动接地导电基础设施中的地磁感应电流(GIC)。这些GIC如果足够强烈,可能会损坏或降低设备性能-了解和预测它们至关重要。磁层的一个关键现象是突然开始(SC)。为了研究SC的潜在影响,我们评估了2001年至2020年期间在新西兰75个电网变压器中测得的最大GIC和磁场变化率(H′)之间的相关性。最大可压缩H ′和GIC具有良好的相关性,相关系数(r2)约为0.7。我们研究了H ′和GIC之间关系的梯度,发现了一个靠近达尼丁的热点:给定的H ′将驱动最大的相对电流(0.5 A nT− 1 min)。我们观察到强烈的内部位置的变化,与梯度变化的两个或两个以上的因素在相邻的变压器。我们发现,GIC(平均)更大,如果它们与:(a)风暴突然开始(SSC;比突然冲动,SI大27%);(B)当新西兰在地球的白昼侧时的SC(比黑夜侧大27%);(c)具有主要东西磁场变化的SC(比南北等效大14%)。这些结果归因于新西兰的地质和电力网络的几何形状。我们外推发现,在理论上的极端SC(H′ = 4000 nT min−1)期间,达尼丁附近的变压器将看到2000 A或更高。
Changes in the Earth's geomagnetic field induce geoelectric fields in the solid Earth. These electric fields drive Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in grounded, conducting infrastructure. These GICs can damage or degrade equipment if they are sufficiently intense—understanding and forecasting them is of critical importance. One of the key magnetospheric phenomena are Sudden Commencements (SCs). To examine the potential impact of SCs we evaluate the correlation between the measured maximum GICs and rate of change of the magnetic field (H′) in 75 power grid transformers across New Zealand between 2001 and 2020. The maximum observedH′ and GIC correlate well, with correlation coefficients (r2) around 0.7. We investigate the gradient of the relationship betweenH′ and GIC, finding a hot spot close to Dunedin: where a givenH′ will drive the largest relative current (0.5 A nT−1min). We observe strong intralocation variability, with the gradients varying by a factor of two or more at adjacent transformers. We find that GICs are (on average) greater if they are related to: (a) Storm Sudden Commencements (SSCs; 27% larger than Sudden Impulses, SIs); (b) SCs while New Zealand is on the dayside of the Earth (27% larger than the nightside); and (c) SCs with a predominantly East‐West magnetic field change (14% larger than North‐South equivalents). These results are attributed to the geology of New Zealand and the geometry of the power network. We extrapolate to find that transformers near Dunedin would see 2000 A or more during a theoretical extreme SC (H′ = 4000 nT min−1).
DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2020.550874
发表时间: 2020
影响因子: 3
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2000 年 4 月地磁风暴:大地磁感应电流的电离层驱动因素
DOI: --
发表时间: 2002
期刊:
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作者:
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通讯作者: A. McKay
DOI: 10.1186/s40623-014-0168-9
发表时间: 2015-02-15
影响因子: 3
作者:
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通讯作者: Beggan, Ciaran D.