Higher education expansion in Germany: between civil rights, state-organized entitlement system and academization

Higher education expansion in Germany: between civil rights, state-organized entitlement system and academization
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德国高等教育的扩张:公民权利、国家组织的权利体系和学术化之间

DOI:
10.1080/21568235.2021.1944815
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Manfred
Manfred
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mitterle;Alexander ; Stock;Manfred

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在全球高等教育扩张的背景下,本文分析了二战后德国高等教育发展的历史结构条件。以塔尔科特·帕森斯的公民模式为基础,分析了德国高等教育体系的两个核心机构:国家组织的权利体系(Berechtigungswesen)和接受高等教育的公民权利。应享权利制度在高等教育和劳动力市场之间建立了一种独特的纵向和横向对应形式。它允许从大学到工作的成功过渡(学术化)。作为国家垄断企业,它也阻碍了快速扩张。在西德,公民进入的权利调解和限制了限制扩张的努力。在政治意愿改变后,东德缺乏这种政策会导致经济收缩。二战后德国经济扩张的很大一部分可以通过这两个核心机构的相互作用来解释。1998年以后,福利制度的部分解体,导致了严重的程度分化和变化。然而,到目前为止,就业领域仍在不断适应公立研究型大学不断扩大的学历压力。
In light of a global higher education expansion, the paper analyses the historic-structural conditions of this development for the German state(s) after World War II. Building on Talcott Parsons citizenship patterns, the analysis centres on two core institutions of the German higher education system: the state-organized system of entitlement (Berechtigungswesen) and the civil right for access to higher education. The entitlement system established a unique form of vertical and horizontal correspondence between higher education and the labour market. It allowed for a successful transition from university to work (academization). As a state monopoly, it also hampered rapid expansion. The civil right to access mediated and restricted efforts to constrain the expansion in Western Germany. Its absence in Eastern Germany lead to contractions after political will changed. A large part of the post-World War II expansion in Germany can be explained through the interplay of the two core institutions. The partial dismantling of the entitlement system after 1998, has led to severe degree differentiation and change. Yet so far, employment fields still consistently adapt to the credential pressure from the expanding public research university.
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