Dendritic cells take on more tasks in the liver?
Dendritic cells take on more tasks in the liver?
复制标题
树突状细胞在肝脏中承担更多任务？
DOI：
10.1002/hep.25498
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Duffield,JeremyS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duffield,JeremyS
在过去的十年里，我们对单核吞噬细胞系统的认识和理解取得了很大的进步，但最近的许多发现，主要在淋巴器官中观察到的髓样细胞的运输和命运，1-3提出了更多的问题，而不是回答非淋巴器官（如肝脏）中髓样免疫细胞的变幻莫测和功能微妙之处。因此，关于什么构成树突状细胞（DC）和什么构成巨噬细胞，特别是在非淋巴器官中，存在持续的争论。4-6从这些争论中，关于这两种细胞类型的功能定义逐渐达成共识（表1）。3，6同样，关于历史上用于区分DC和巨噬细胞的简单定义的分子标记物，几乎没有一致意见。4-6在肝脏中，DC和巨噬细胞的定义标志物显示出大量重叠区域（表2）。例如，现在广泛接受的是，CD 11b和F4/80（经典巨噬细胞标志物）并不总是定义巨噬细胞，并且CD 11 c和MHC II（经典DC标志物）并不总是定义DC。关于是否存在真正的不同骨髓（BM）前体谱系，其在外周器官中产生功能不同的髓样细胞亚群，而不是产生具有巨大可塑性（因此重叠功能）的细胞的谱系，也存在很大的争议。如常规理解的，巨噬细胞是骨髓细胞，并且是炎症和先天性免疫应答的关键效应子和调节子，而DC是骨髓或浆细胞样细胞，其启动和调节高度病原体特异性免疫应答，并且是免疫记忆和耐受的中心（表1）。3.现在出现的是，我们的术语，沉浸在传统和历史中，现在不足以定义我们目前所看到的髓系白细胞系统的许多功能和亚群。由于存在于包括肝脏在内的每个器官中的网状内皮系统（以前称为网状内皮系统），存在执行DC功能的细胞和执行巨噬细胞功能的细胞的混合物。2005年，在理解骨髓细胞在四氯化碳（CCl 4）介导的肝损伤伴纤维化（肝纤维化/肝硬化的啮齿动物模型）的进展和消退中的作用方面取得了重大进展。研究人员使用了一种新的转基因小鼠（Cd 11b-DTR），在CD 11b启动子的控制下表达白喉毒素受体（DTR），通过全身注射药物（DT）简单地消融CD 11b骨髓细胞。7 DT注射液消融单核细胞和炎性单核细胞-
The last decade has witnessed great advances in our knowledge and understanding of the mononuclear phagocyte system but many of the recent findings, about myeloid trafficking and fate, observed mainly in lymphoid organs, 1-3 have raised more questions than they have answered about the vagaries and functional subtleties of myeloid immune cells in nonlymphoid organs such as the liver. As a consequence, there is ongoing debate about what constitutes a dendritic cell (DC) and what constitutes a macrophage, particularly in nonlymphoid organs. 4-6 From these debates increasing consensus has evolved about functional definitions of these two cell types (Table 1). 3, 6 Equally, there is little agreement about simple defining molecular markers that have been used historically to discriminate DCs from macrophages. 4-6 In liver, defining markers for DCs and macrophages show substantial areas of overlap (Table 2). For example, it is now widely accepted that CD11b and F4/80 (classical macrophage markers) do not always define macrophages, and CD11c and MHC II (classical DC markers) do not always define DCs. There is also great debate about whether there are true lineages of distinct bone marrow (BM) precursors that give rise to functionally distinct myeloid cell subpopulations in the peripheral organs, as opposed to lineages that give rise to cells with tremendous plasticity (and therefore overlapping functions). As conventionally understood, macrophages are myeloid cells and are critical effectors and regulators of inflammation and the innate immune response, whereas DCs are myeloid or plasmacytoid cells that initiate and regulate the highly pathogen-specific immune response and are central to immunological memory and to tolerance (Table 1). 3 What is emerging is that our terminologies, steeped in tradition and history, are now inadequate to define the many functions and subpopulations of the myeloid leukocyte system as we currently see it. Despite the current difficulties with definition, however, it has become clear that among the resident myeloid cells (formerly known as the reticuloendothelial system), which are present in every organ, including the liver, there is an admixture of cells that perform DC functions and cells that perform macrophage functions. In 2005 a significant advance was made in understanding the role of myeloid cells in both progression and resolution of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated liver injury with fibrosis, a rodent model for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The investigators used a novel transgenic mouse (Cd11b-DTR), expressing the Diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) under the control of the CD11b promoter, to ablate CD11bþ myeloid cells simply by systemic injection of a drug (DT). 7 The DT injection ablated monocytes and inflammatory monocyte-
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
32.4
作者：
Jung, S;Unutmaz, D;Lang, RA
通讯作者：
Lang, RA
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Lloyd, Catherine M.;Phillips, Anthony R. J.;Dunbar, P. Rod
通讯作者：
Dunbar, P. Rod
门静脉周围和肝窦树突状细胞抑制辅助性T细胞1型介导的肝炎
影响因子：
24.5
作者：
Tomohiro Watanabe;Hiroaki Katsukura;T. Chiba;T. Kita;Y. Wakatsuki
通讯作者：
Y. Wakatsuki
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Tacke, Frank;Randolph, Gwendalyn J.
通讯作者：
Randolph, Gwendalyn J.
影响因子：
6
作者：
Alikhan, Maliha A.;Jones, Christina V.;Ricardo, Sharon D.
通讯作者：
Ricardo, Sharon D.