Foundations of a finite non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics: extrinsic quantities

Foundations of a finite non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics: extrinsic quantities
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有限非平衡统计热力学的基础:外在量

DOI:
10.1088/1751-8121/ac798a
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mason, J K
Mason, J K
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ericok, O B;Mason, J K

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相似文献

统计热力学作为一种概念结构是有价值的,它塑造了我们对平衡热力学状态的思考。然而,围绕着理论基础的一系列悬而未决的问题可能会导致一个公正的观察者得出这样的结论:统计热力学正处于危机状态。事实上,关于不可逆性的微观起源的讨论在科学界已经持续了一百多年。本文考虑这些问题,同时开始发展有限非平衡系统的统计热力学。定义提出的基本热力学关系,是与现有的平衡热力学极限的结果相一致的所有外在变量。相空间上的概率密度函数被解释为微观状态的主观不确定性,吉布斯熵公式被修改为允许熵的产生,而不引入额外的物理或修改相空间动力学。对混合佯谬、吉布斯佯谬、洛歇普佯谬和麦克斯韦的恶魔思想实验提出了解决办法。最后,外部变量的基本热力学关系的扩散理想气体的时间和空间的函数进行评估,初始值和最终值与预期的平衡值相一致。
Statistical thermodynamics is valuable as a conceptual structure that shapes our thinking about equilibrium thermodynamic states. A cloud of unresolved questions surrounding the foundations of the theory could lead an impartial observer to conclude that statistical thermodynamics is in a state of crisis though. Indeed, the discussion about the microscopic origins of irreversibility has continued in the scientific community for more than a hundred years. This paper considers these questions while beginning to develop a statistical thermodynamics for finite non-equilibrium systems. Definitions are proposed for all of the extrinsic variables of the fundamental thermodynamic relation that are consistent with existing results in the equilibrium thermodynamic limit. The probability density function on the phase space is interpreted as a subjective uncertainty about the microstate, and the Gibbs entropy formula is modified to allow for entropy creation without introducing additional physics or modifying the phase space dynamics. Resolutions are proposed to the mixing paradox, Gibbs' paradox, Loschmidt's paradox, and Maxwell's demon thought experiment. Finally, the extrinsic variables of the fundamental thermodynamic relation are evaluated as functions of time and space for a diffusing ideal gas, and the initial and final values are shown to coincide with the expected equilibrium values.
连续性
DOI: 10.1038/092606a0
发表时间: 1914
期刊: Nature
影响因子: 64.8
作者:
Blain Brown
通讯作者: Blain Brown
芝加哥大学
DOI: 10.1227/00006123-197907010-00047
发表时间: 1939
期刊: NASSP Bulletin
影响因子: --
作者:
Beth Simmons
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期刊: Nature
影响因子: 64.8
作者:
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作者:
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